Female Reproductive System

Two ovaries located on each side of the uterus within the pelvic cavity.
- Hormonal Functions: Production of estrogen and progesterone affects:
  - Puberty
  - Menstruation
  - Pregnancy

Extend laterally from the uterus.
- Function: Pathway for the ovum to enter the uterus.
- Fimbria: Finger-like projections that help propel the ovum into the oviduct.
- Reproductive Role: Essential for perpetuating the species and passing genetic material.

Muscular, hollow, pear-shaped structure suspended by ligaments.
- Function: Houses and nourishes the embryo from implantation until birth.

Muscular tube from cervix to the exterior of the body.
- Roles:
  - Organ of sexual intercourse.
  - Passageway for the delivery of the fetus.

Located anterior to the vaginal orifice.
- Function: Organ of sexual response in females.
- Composition: Made of erectile tissue with sensory nerve endings.

External genitalia structures include:
- Labia Majora: Thicker, outer structures.
- Labia Minora: Smooth, thin, inner structures.
- Main Role: Protecting the internal genitalia.

Glandular lobes in female breasts containing milk ducts.
- Functions:
  - Secretes milk for neonate nourishment after birth.
  - Not directly involved in reproduction.

Questions:
1. Ovaries located in the pelvic cavity, one on each side of the uterus.
2. Mammary glands secrete milk for newborn nourishment.
3. Gestation: period from fertilization to birth. Parturition: process of giving birth.
4. Birth canal: Vagina.

Common Suffixes:
- -arche: beginning
- -cyesis: pregnancy
- -gravida: pregnant woman
- -para: to bear (offspring)
- -salpinx: tube (usually fallopian)
- -tocia: childbirth, labor

Occurs when a fertilized ovum implants outside the uterine cavity, commonly in fallopian tubes.
Symptoms include:
- Early pregnancy signs, abdominal pain, and possibly rupture of a tube leading to life-threatening situations.

Treatment options include laparotomy with attempts to save the ovary.
Removal may be necessary for ruptured tubes along with possible blood transfusion for severe cases.

Signs and symptoms include lumps, swelling, and changes in breast shape.
- Common Risk Factors:
  - Family history, hormonal changes, and high-fat diet.

Lumpectomy: Excision of small breast tumor and surrounding tissue.
Modified Radical Mastectomy: Entire breast and underarm lymph nodes removed.
Post-surgery options: Adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation, and hormonal therapies.

Definition: Growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, commonly causing dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia.
Pain severity doesn’t correlate to disease extent.

Use of topical antifungals for yeast infections, estrogen for hormone replacement, and OCP for contraceptive purposes.
Review exercises on various treatments and their indications.

Corpus Luteum: A temporary gland that forms from the follicle after ovulation, responsible for producing hormones that support pregnancy.
Cryptorchidism: A condition where one or both of the testes do not descend into the scrotum.
Endometrium: The innermost lining of the uterus that thickens during the menstrual cycle and is shed during menstruation.
Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis, often caused by infection.
Follicle: A small sac in the ovary that contains an immature egg and secretes hormones.
Gamete: A mature haploid reproductive cell (sperm in males, ovum in females) that can unite with another gamete to form a zygote.
Gonad: An organ that produces gametes; the ovaries in females and the testes in males.
Hysterectomy: A surgical procedure to remove the uterus.
Leiomyoma: A benign tumor of smooth muscle tissue, often found in the uterus (also known as fibroids).
Menarche: The first occurrence of menstruation in a female.
Menopause: The end of a woman's reproductive years, marked by the cessation of menstruation.
Oophoroma: A tumor of the ovary, which can be benign or malignant.
Ovum: The female gamete or egg cell.
Semen: The fluid containing sperm that is ejaculated from the male reproductive tract.
Spermatozoon: The mature male gamete, commonly referred to as sperm.