CHM210 Class 10/08

Basic Focus: Introduction to basic organic chemistry, specifically how to name alkanes and alkenes. Discussion to include key reactions with plans to carry the topics over multiple classes.

Rules for naming alkanes:
- Identify the parent chain (the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms).
- Indicate the position of the main functional group on the parent chain.
- Start numbering the carbon chain to identify the substituents present.
Example:
- When discussing alkenes, the parent chain must contain the double bond.
- For example, pentane is transformed into pentene by dropping the 'a' in 'pentane' and adding 'ene', indicating double bond presence.
- A five-carbon chain is designated as pentene.
Numbering of alkenes:
- Number the chain from the end nearest to the first carbon with the double bond:
- For example, numbering from carbon 1, we receive 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 for pentene, allowing you to determine the specific structure.
- Resulting structure: When the double bond is between carbons 2 and 3, two-pentene is the correct nomenclature.
- Alternative naming suggested: pent-2-ene (more fluidity suggested in pronunciation).
Substituent Groups:
- Focus on methyl groups located at specific carbons:
- If two methyl groups are on carbons 2 and 3, this is named 2,3-dimethyl-2-pentene.
- Important to follow specific punctuation: commas between numbers and dashes between numbers and letters.

Special consideration for cycloalkenes (like cyclooctanes):
- For cycloalkenes, the carbons participating in the double bond are always numbered 1 and 2.
- The numbering around the ring should provide the lowest possible number for the substituents (first substituent gets the lowest number).
- Example structure: cycl