Reproductive System

Chapter 11: Reproductive System

Learning Objectives

  • Recognize or write the functions of the reproductive system.

  • Recognize or write the meanings of Chapter 11 word parts and use them to build and analyze terms.

  • Identify structures of the female and male reproductive systems and their associated functions, or match them with descriptions.

  • Write names of diagnostic terms and pathologies of the female and male reproductive systems when given their descriptions, or match terms with their meanings.

  • Match surgical and therapeutic interventions for the female and male reproductive systems or identify interventions from provided descriptions.

  • Write selected terms relating to pregnancy and childbirth or match them with descriptions.

  • Write selected terms relevant to female breasts or match them with their descriptions.

  • Write terms for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or match them with causative agents.

  • Spell terms for the reproductive system and STDs correctly.

Function of the Reproductive System

  • Word Parts Related to Functions:

    • gonad/o: genitals or reproduction

    • genit/o: genitals

    • spermatazoon: male reproductive cell

    • ovum: female reproductive cell

    • genitalia: reproductive organs

The Female Reproductive System

  • Word Part for Female:

    • gynec/o: female

Female Reproductive Word Parts

  • cervic/o: cervix

  • colp/o, vagin/o: vagina

  • hyster/o, uter/o: uterus

  • metr/o, metr/i: measurement or uterine tissue

  • ovar/o, oophor/o: ovary

  • salping/o: uterine tube

  • vulv/o: vulva

Other Word Parts

  • -cidal: killing

  • cyst/o, vesic/o: bladder

  • men/o: month

  • -plasia: development or formation

  • rect/o: rectum

  • urethr/o: urethra

  • urin/o: urine

Female External Genitalia

  • Urethral opening

  • Anus

Female Internal Reproductive Structures (Midsagittal View)

  • Anterior View of Female Reproductive Structures:

    • Fimbriae (fingerlike projections)

    • Uterine tube (not sectioned)

    • Right ovary

    • Body of uterus

    • Broad ligament

    • Uterine fundus

    • Vagina

    • Uterine tube (sectioned)

    • Ovary (sectioned)

    • Perimetrium, Myometrium, Endometrium:

    • Layers of uterine tissue

    • Uterine cervix

Papanicolaou (Pap) Smear

  • Procedure involving swab of cervix

Dependency on Knowledge Symbols in Medical Procedures

  • Another name for uterine tube:

    • Options: vagina, salpinx, cervix uteri, clitoris

Abnormal Cervix

  • Reference from comprehensive anatomy texts

Surgical and Therapeutic Interventions

  • Contraceptive methods

  • Specific Interventions Include:

    • Spermicide

    • Tubal ligation

    • Hysterectomy

    • Intrauterine Device

    • Oral contraceptives, also known as the "birth control pill"

    • In vitro fertilization (IVF)

    • Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Menstrual Irregularities

  • Common Terms:

    • amenorrhea: absence of menstrual flow

    • dysmenorrhea: painful menstruation

    • menorrhagia: excessive flow during menstruation

    • metrorrhagia: bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during the menstrual period

Diseases and Disorders in the Female Reproductive System

  • Common Conditions:

    • Cervical polyp

    • Colpitis

    • Cervicocolpitis

    • Endometriosis

    • Endometritis

    • Myoma

    • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

    • Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

    • Uterine cancer

    • Vulvitis

    • Oophoritis

    • Oophorosalpingitis

    • Salpingitis

    • Salpingocele

    • Cystocele

Quick Quiz Questions

  • Metrorrhagia is defined as:

    • absence of menstrual flow

    • painful menstruation

    • excessive flow during menstruation

    • bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during menstrual periods

The Male Reproductive System

  • Key Terms for Male Reproductive System:

    • spermatozoa (spermatozoon): male gametes

    • testes (testis, testicle): male gonads

    • testosterone: primary male sex hormone

Word Parts: Male Reproductive System

  • orchi/o, orchid/o: testes

  • test/o, testicul/o: testes

  • pen/o: penis

  • prostat/o: prostate

  • scrot/o: scrotum

  • semin/o: semen

  • spermat/o: sperm

Anatomy of Spermatozoon

  • Structure:

    • Head: Contains nucleus

    • Acrosome: Contains enzymes aiding in penetrating ovum

    • Midpiece: Contains mitochondria for energy

    • Tail: Flagellum for movement

Spermatogenesis

  • Process of sperm production occurs in seminiferous tubules of the testes.

    • Sperm storage in the epididymis.

    • Movement through ductus deferens to ejaculatory duct and urethra for ejaculation.

Common Male Reproductive Disorders

  • Disorders Include:

    • Cryptorchidism

    • Orchiditis, Orchitis

    • Prostatic carcinoma

    • Prostatitis

Surgical Terms Related to Male Reproductive System

  • orchidectomy, orchiectomy

  • orchidoplasty

  • orchiopexy

  • orchiotomy

  • prostatectomy

  • transurethral prostatectomy (TURP)

  • transurethral microwave therapy (TUMT)

  • transurethral needle ablation (TUNA)

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

  • Common STDs:

    • Urethritis

    • Vaginitis

    • Chlamydial infection

    • Gonorrhea: identified by Gram-negative intracellular diplococci

    • Syphilitic Chancre

    • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

    • Genital Herpes

    • Genital Warts

    • Viral hepatitis

    • Trichomoniasis

    • Candidiasis

    • Pubic Lice

Acronyms and Abbreviations

  • Common Acronyms:

    • AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

    • BPH: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

    • D&C: Dilation and Curettage

    • EDD: Expected Date of Delivery

    • IVF: In Vitro Fertilization

    • STD: Sexually Transmitted Disease

    • PMS: Premenstrual Syndrome

    • PSA: Prostate-Specific Antigen

Additional Topics Covered

  • Overview of obstetric terms, pregnancy stages, and maternal health

  • Description of fetal growth stages and delivery processes

  • Key concerns regarding female breast anatomy and conditions such as breast cancer