Vocab related to Speech topics

Vocabulary Related to Speech Topics

1. Renewable

  • Part of Speech: Adjective

  • Pronunciation: UK /rɪˈnjuː.ə.bəl/, US /rɪˈnuː.ə.bəl/

  • Meaning: Renewable substances can be used and easily replaced.

  • Example: "If renewables and nuclear energy proceed sensibly, they will develop and there will not be a gap."

2. Sustainability

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /səˌsteɪ.nəˈbɪl.ə.ti/, US /səˌsteɪ.nəˈbɪl.ə.t̬i/

  • Meaning: The quality of being able to continue over time without causing significant harm to the environment.

  • Example: "A plastic bag, environmentalists say, is made from petroleum products and, therefore, is an unfriendly choice for environmental sustainability."

3. Afforestation

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /æfˌɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən/, US /əˌfɔːr.əˈsteɪ.ʃən/

  • Meaning: The action of planting trees in an area of land to create a forest.

  • Example: "To enforce incentives to plant trees, afforestation responsibility was decentralized to local leaders in 1984."

4. Mitigation

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˌmɪt.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/, US /ˌmɪt̬.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/

  • Meaning: The act of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.

  • Example: "There has been no significant increase in funding for flood mitigation works."

5. Reforestation

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˌriː.fɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən/, US /ˌriː.fɔːr.əˈsteɪ.ʃən/

  • Meaning: The act of planting trees in an area where the forest has been cut down or destroyed.

  • Example: "Reforestation has replaced some desert areas."

6. Chunking

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /tʃʌŋ.kɪŋ/, US /tʃʌŋ.kɪŋ/

  • Meaning: A strategy for dealing with and remembering information by breaking it into smaller groups or chunks.

  • Example: "In the study, many people used a 'chunking' strategy to help them remember the items."

7. Intrinsic Motivation

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ɪnˈtrɪn.zɪk/, US /ɪnˈtrɪn.zɪk/

  • Meaning: The internal desire to learn or achieve based on personal interest, significantly enhancing study effectiveness.

8. Gamification

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˌɡeɪm.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, US /ˌɡeɪm.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

  • Meaning: Making activities more game-like to increase interest or enjoyment.

  • Example: "Companies are increasingly using gamification to train their employees."

9. MOOC

  • Part of Speech: Noun (countable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /muːk/, US /muːk/

  • Meaning: Massive Open Online Course, accessible over the internet for many people.

  • Example: "MOOCs promise to change the face of higher education."

10. Algorithm

  • Part of Speech: Noun (countable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈæl.ɡə.rɪ.ðəm/, US /ˈæl.ɡə.rɪ.ðəm/

  • Meaning: A set of rules used by platforms to determine content shown to users.

  • Example: "Music apps use algorithms to predict the probability of fans liking another band."

11. Setback

  • Part of Speech: Noun (countable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈset.bæk/, US /ˈset.bæk/

  • Meaning: An event that delays or prevents progress.

  • Example: "There has been a slight/temporary setback in our plans."

12. Procrastination

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /prəˌkræs.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, US /proʊˌkræs.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

  • Meaning: Delaying tasks, often due to unpleasantness.

  • Example: "This is no time for procrastination - we need decisive action."

13. Delegation

  • Part of Speech: Noun (countable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˌdel.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/, US /ˌdel.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/

  • Meaning: The act of assigning a job or responsibility to someone else.

  • Example: "Delegation of responsibility is a key part of a manager's job."

14. Stereotype

  • Part of Speech: Verb

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈster.i.ə.taɪp/, US /ˈster.i.ə.taɪp/

  • Meaning: To hold a set idea about a group or person, often incorrect.

  • Example: "The study claims that British advertising stereotypes women."

15. Desegregate / Desegregation

  • Part of Speech: Verb / Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˌdiːˈseɡ.rɪ.ɡeɪt/, US /ˌdiːˈseɡ.rə.ɡeɪt/

  • Meaning: To end segregation between races or sexes; the action of is seen as a significant step towards racial harmony.

16. Prejudice

  • Part of Speech: Noun (countable or uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈpredʒ.ə.dɪs/, US /ˈpredʒ.ə.dɪs/

  • Meaning: An unreasonable opinion or feeling not based on enough thought or knowledge.

  • Example: "Laws against racial prejudice must be strictly enforced."

17. Harassment

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈhær.əs.mənt/, US /həˈræs.mənt/

  • Meaning: Behavior that annoys or disturbs someone.

  • Example: "The law can now protect people from harassment."

18. Humiliate / Humiliation

  • Part of Speech: Verb

  • Pronunciation: UK /hjuːˈmɪl.i.eɪt/, US /hjuːˈmɪl.i.eɪt/

  • Meaning: To make someone feel ashamed or lose respect.

  • Example: "How could you humiliate me by questioning my judgment in front of everyone like that?"

19. Bystander

  • Part of Speech: Noun (countable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈbaɪˌstæn.dər/, US /ˈbaɪˌstæn.dɚ/

  • Meaning: A person present at an event but not participating.

  • Example: "Even though the bystander witnessed bullying, they chose not to intervene."

20. Defamation

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˌdef.əˈmeɪ.ʃən/, US /ˌdef.əˈmeɪ.ʃən/

  • Meaning: The act of damaging someone's reputation through false statements.

  • Example: "She threatened to sue members for defamation."

21. Debunk

  • Part of Speech: Verb

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˌdiːˈbʌŋk/, US /ˌdiːˈbʌŋk/

  • Meaning: To expose the falsehood of something.

  • Example: "A main task is to debunk a certain kind of critic."

22. Bigotry

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈbɪɡ.ə.tri/, US /ˈbɪɡ.ə.tri/

  • Meaning: Strong, unreasonable beliefs exhibiting a dislike for different opinions or lifestyles.

  • Example: "The leader's speech condemned all forms of bigotry."

23. Derogatory

  • Part of Speech: Adjective

  • Pronunciation: UK /dɪˈrɒɡ.ə.tər.i/, US /dɪˈrɑː.ɡə.tɔːr.i/

  • Meaning: Showing strong disapproval and lack of respect.

  • Example: "He made some derogatory comments about her appearance."

24. Pay-to-win

  • Part of Speech: Adjective

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˌpeɪ.təˈwɪn/, US /ˌpeɪ.t̬əˈwɪn/

  • Meaning: Refers to games where players can pay to gain advantages.

  • Example: "Is the game pay to win?"

25. Automation

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˌɔː.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, US /ˌɑː.t̬əˈmeɪ.ʃən/

  • Meaning: The use of machines to perform tasks without human control.

  • Example: "Automation and robotics have reduced the need for skilled work forces."

26. Chatbot

  • Part of Speech: Noun (countable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈtʃæt.bɒt/, US /ˈtʃæt.bɑːt/

  • Meaning: A computer program designed for conversation with humans via the internet.

  • Example: "We hope to develop smarter chatbots for better user interaction."

27. Endorsement

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ɪnˈdɔːs.mənt/, US /ɪnˈdɔːrs.mənt/

  • Meaning: A famous person's approval in advertising.

  • Example: "Products with celebrity endorsements are often sold out."

28. Branding

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈbræn.dɪŋ/, US /ˈbræn.dɪŋ/

  • Meaning: Creating a unique identity for products or organizations.

  • Example: "Personal branding is vital for social media influencers."

29. Sanitation

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˌsæn.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/, US /ˌsæn.əˈteɪ.ʃən/

  • Meaning: Systems for the disposal of waste to protect health.

  • Example: "Many illnesses in refugee camps stem from poor sanitation."

30. Decontamination

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˌdiː.kən.tæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, US /ˌdiː.kən.tæm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/

  • Meaning: The removal of hazardous substances from a location.

  • Example: "Thorough decontamination of the site will be necessary."

31. Mindfulness

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈmaɪnd.fəl.nəs/, US /ˈmaɪnd.fəl.nəs/

  • Meaning: Awareness of oneself and present feelings, often used to create calm.

  • Example: "Mindfulness can help alleviate anxiety and depression."

32. Psychotherapy

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˌsaɪ.kəʊˈθer.ə.pi/, US /ˌsaɪ.koʊˈθer.ə.pi/

  • Meaning: Treatment of mental issues through discussion rather than medication.

  • Example: "Psychotherapy aids individuals in managing mental health challenges."

33. Resilience

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /rɪˈzɪl.jəns/, US /rɪˈzɪl.jəns/

  • Meaning: The ability to recover or adjust after challenges.

  • Example: "These habits can undermine the resilience needed during tough times."

34. Insomnia

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ɪnˈsɒm.ni.ə/, US /ɪnˈsɑːm.ni.ə/

  • Meaning: The inability to sleep adequately over time.

  • Example: "George suffered from insomnia due to work stress."

35. Sleep Deprivation

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈsliːp dep.rɪˌveɪ.ʃən/, US /ˈsliːp dep.rəˌveɪ.ʃən/

  • Meaning: Insufficient sleep that occurs over several days.

  • Example: "He endured repeated strip searches and sleep deprivation."

36. Contentment

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /kənˈtent.mənt/, US /kənˈtent.mənt/

  • Meaning: A state of happiness and satisfaction.

  • Example: "He found contentment in having everything he needs."

37. Serenity

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /səˈren.ə.ti/, US /səˈren.ə.t̬i/

  • Meaning: The quality of being tranquil and calm.

  • Example: "I admired her serenity amidst chaos."

38. Benevolence

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /bəˈnev.əl.əns/, US /bəˈnev.əl.əns/

  • Meaning: The quality of being kind and helping others.

  • Example: "The company has a history of benevolence to good causes."

39. Altruism

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈæl.tru.ɪ.zəm/, US /ˈæl.tru.ɪ.zəm/

  • Meaning: The willingness to act for the benefit of others, even at a personal cost.

  • Example: "She's not renowned for her altruism."

40. Intermittent Fasting

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˌɪn.təˌmɪt.ənt ˈfɑː.stɪŋ/, US /ˌɪn.t̬ɚˌmɪt.ənt ˈfæs.tɪŋ/

  • Meaning: A dietary practice involving cyclical eating and fasting periods to promote weight loss.

  • Example: "Many find intermittent fasting effective for weight management."

41. Determination

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /dɪˌtɜː.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, US /dɪˌtɝː.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

  • Meaning: The perseverance to continue pursuing goals despite obstacles.

  • Example: "You can't help but admire her determination to succeed."

42. Milestone

  • Part of Speech: Noun (countable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈmaɪl.stəʊn/, US /ˈmaɪl.stoʊn/

  • Meaning: A significant event in development or history.

  • Example: "She discussed key milestones in the company's 20-year history."

43. Willpower

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈwɪl.paʊər/, US /ˈwɪl.paʊ.ɚ/

  • Meaning: The ability to control impulses and thoughts.

  • Example: "It required much willpower to remain calm."

44. Commitment

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /kəˈmɪt.mənt/, US /kəˈmɪt.mənt/

  • Meaning: A firm decision or promise to do something.

  • Example: "Players must commit to a full season."

45. Camaraderie

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˌkæm.əˈrɑː.dər.i/, US /ˌkæm.əˈrɑː.dɚ.i/

  • Meaning: A deep sense of friendship and community among a group.

  • Example: "The shared experience created a strong sense of camaraderie."

46. Heartfelt

  • Part of Speech: Adjective

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈhɑːt.felt/, US /ˈhɑːrt.felt/

  • Meaning: Deeply felt and sincere.

  • Example: "Please accept my heartfelt apologies."

47. Intimacy

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈɪn.tɪ.mə.si/, US /ˈɪn.t̬ə.mə.si/

  • Meaning: Close familiarity or friendship.

  • Example: "Witty intimacies showed their long friendship."

48. Cohesion

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /kəʊˈhiː.ʒən/, US /koʊˈhiː.ʒən/

  • Meaning: The state of sticking together or agreement.

  • Example: "The team lacks cohesion, leading to poor performance."

49. Interdependence

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˌɪn.tə.dɪˈpen.dəns/, US /ˌɪn.t̬ɚ.dɪˈpen.dəns/

  • Meaning: Mutual dependence between entities.

  • Example: "Recognizing our interdependence can create a more sustainable world."

50. Patriotism

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈpæt.ri.ə.tɪ.zəm/, US /ˈpeɪ.tri.ə.tɪ.zəm/

  • Meaning: Deep devotion and pride in one's country.

  • Example: "Her patriotism led her to volunteer for veteran support projects."

51. Compassion

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/, US /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/

  • Meaning: A deep sympathy and desire to help others in distress.

  • Example: "Compassion should drive our responses to hardship."

52. Courteousness

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈkɜː.ti.əs.nəs/, US /ˈkɝː.t̬i.əs.nəs/

  • Meaning: Polite behavior in social interactions.

  • Example: "The courteousness of the staff impressed all guests."

53. Etiquette

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈet.ɪ.ket/, US /ˈet̬.ɪ.kɪt/

  • Meaning: Accepted rules governing social behavior.

  • Example: "Social etiquette varies across cultures."

54. Reciprocity

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˌres.ɪˈprɒs.ə.ti/, US /ˌres.ɪˈprɑː.sə.t̬i/

  • Meaning: Mutual sharing of help and benefits among groups.

  • Example: "We promise reciprocity to all our trading partners."

55. Endurance

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ɪnˈdʒʊə.rəns/, US /ɪnˈdʊr.əns/

  • Meaning: The capacity to withstand prolonged hardship or pain.

  • Example: "Running a marathon tests human endurance."

56. Distraction

  • Part of Speech: Noun (countable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /dɪˈstræk.ʃən/, US /dɪˈstræk.ʃən/

  • Meaning: Something that diverts attention from the primary focus.

  • Example: "Turning the TV off could help if you find it a distraction."

57. Grit

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ɡrɪt/, US /ɡrɪt/

  • Meaning: Courage and resilience in the face of difficulties.

  • Example: "It takes grit to stand up against bullying."

58. Articulation

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ɑːˌtɪk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/, US /ɑːrˌtɪk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/

  • Meaning: The clarity and effectiveness of speech sounds.

  • Example: "Strong articulation is vital for a good singer."

59. Empowerment

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ɪmˈpaʊə.mənt/, US /ɪmˈpaʊ.ɚ.mənt/

  • Meaning: Gaining the power and authority to make choices.

  • Example: "This management approach emphasizes worker empowerment."

60. Gratefulness

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈɡreɪt.fəl.nəs/, US /ˈɡreɪt.fəl.nəs/

  • Meaning: The state of feeling thankful.

  • Example: "I've developed a deep gratefulness for our healthcare after working in Africa."

61. Authenticity

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˌɔː.θenˈtɪs.ə.ti/, US /ˌɑː.θenˈtɪs.ə.t̬i/

  • Meaning: The quality of being genuine or real.

  • Example: "Many question the authenticity of his claims."

62. Affirmation

  • Part of Speech: Noun (uncountable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˌæf.əˈmeɪ.ʃən/, US /ˌæf.ɚˈmeɪ.ʃən/

  • Meaning: Support or approval expressed verbally.

  • Example: "He does not seek affirmation from media or friends."

63. Orator

  • Part of Speech: Noun (countable)

  • Pronunciation: UK /ˈɒr.ə.tər/, US /ˈɔːr.ə.t̬ɚ/

  • Meaning: A skilled speaker, especially in public contexts.

  • Example: "Martin Luther King Jr. was a renowned orator."