Encaustic Paint

  • Encaustic paint is applied HOT at temperatures ranging from 180 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit and utilizes a burnt-in technique.

Types of Sculpture

  • Freestanding Sculpture:
    • Can be seen and appreciated from all angles.
  • Relief Sculpture:
    • Projects either a little (low relief) or a lot (high relief) from the background surface.

Types of Relief Sculpture

  • High Relief:
    • Sculpture that projects significantly from the background surface.
  • Low Relief:
    • Sculpture that projects only slightly from the background surface.

Carving

  • Carving:
    • A subtractive sculpture process where material is removed to create a form.
    • Carving and modeling are considered opposites.

Modeling

  • Modeling:
    • An additive (build-up) process where material is added to create forms.

Casting

  • Casting:
    • A complex sculpture technique where melted material is poured into a mold to create a form.

Assembling

  • Assembling:
    • The process of joining found objects together to create a cohesive sculpture.

Mixed Media Sculpture

  • Mixed Media Sculpture:
    • Sculptures made from more than one type of material.

Types of Perspective

  • Linear Perspective:
    • A technique that produces a realistic illusion of 3-D space on a 2-D surface, first believed to be invented by the Greeks.
  • Atmospheric Perspective:
    • A technique that creates depth by indicating changes in color and clarity over distance.

Brunelleschi's Experiment

  • Brunelleschi used a mirror in his experiment on linear perspective, illustrating how perspective can create the illusion of depth.

Characteristics of Images

  • True/False Questions:
    • We are fluent in the language of images: True.
    • Can lines have characteristics? True.
    • Organic shapes resemble objects in nature: True.
    • Mass is another name for Form: True.
    • Stone carving is very time-consuming: True.
    • Wood is hard to carve: False.

Color Theory

Primary Colors

  • Red
  • Blue
  • Yellow

Secondary Colors

  • Orange
  • Violet
  • Green

Complementary Colors

  • Red and Green
  • Yellow and Purple
  • Blue and Orange

Analogous Colors

  • Groups of three colors that are next to each other on the color wheel.

Warm and Cool Colors

  • Warm Colors (advance):
    • Red
    • Orange
    • Yellow
  • Cool Colors (recede):
    • Blue
    • Green
    • Violet

Balance in Art

  • Symmetrical Balance:
    • Both sides are exactly the same.
  • Asymmetrical Balance:
    • Left and right sides do not match, but the composition is still balanced.
  • Radial Balance:
    • Balance that radiates out from a central point.

Characteristics of Paints

  • Watercolor: Transparent, water-soluble.
  • Acrylic: Bright colors, dries fast.
  • Oil: Very slow drying, vibrant colors.
  • Tempera: Cleans easily, contains non-harmful ingredients.
  • Encaustic: Durable, applies hot, dries swiftly.

Tempera Paint

  • Often used in elementary schools due to easy cleanup and non-toxic ingredients.
  • Binder for Tempera Paint: Egg yolk.

Fresco Techniques

  • Fresco is a type of painting that involves using plaster and pigment.
  • Famous Example: The Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo.
  • The term "Fresco" means "fresh" and fresco paintings can last for centuries, often up to 4000 years.

Art Appreciation Overview

Definition

  • Art Appreciation: Recognition of the good qualities and understanding of various forms of art.

Art in Society

  • Art is ubiquitous and encompasses everything made by human hands.
  • We communicate our ideas and emotions through images.

Categories of Signs in Graphic Design

  1. Iconic Signs: Based on similarity of appearance.
  2. Indexical Signs: There is a cause and effect relationship between the sign and its meaning.
  3. Symbolic Signs: Have an arbitrary or conventional relationship to their meaning.

Examples of Religious and Cultural Iconographies

Religious Icons

  • Christian Cross
  • Star of David
  • Islamic crescent moon and star

Cultural Icons

  • American Flag
  • Yin-yang symbol
  • Heart symbol

Elements and Principles of Art

Elements of Art (Chapter 2)

  1. Line
  2. Shape
  3. Space
  4. Form
  5. Texture
  6. Value
  7. Color

Principles of Art (Chapter 3)

  1. Balance
  2. Scale and Proportion
  3. Unity and Variety
  4. Emphasis and Subordination
  5. Movement
  6. Contrast

Characteristics of Shapes and Forms

  • Shapes: Two-dimensional.
  • Forms: Three-dimensional.
  • Value: Enables realistic representation of objects.
  • Color: Affects mood, thoughts, and health.

True/False Art Statements

  • 3D and 2D have been used since the beginning of time: True.
  • Art installations are sculptures that tell a story: False.
  • Installations are usually small sculptures: False.
  • Kinetic art does not move: False.
  • Modeling is a built-up process: True.
  • Red comes forward, while blue recedes: True.
  • The further away an object, the bigger it appears: False.