AP Exam vocab:

1:perspectives

map projection: represents the world in two dimensions

robinson: globe like

mercator: flat

graduated symbol map: uses symbols

functional: has a node (metro systems)

2.population/migration

centripetal: pulls together

centrifugal: forces apart (Yugoslavia)

Environmental degradation:

Stage 4 (DTM): core countries develop

Demographic Transition Model Limitations: Based on the experiences in Western Europe

Other: East Asia is 1 of 4 most densely populated areas.

3.culture

acculturation: when a minority adopts a majority’s trait.

assimilation: when a country adopts almost all of another’s country’s traits.

syncretism: combination of traits of cultures

Isolates: found in mountainous areas

4. political space

state: has sovereignty, defined borders, and permanent population

define: legally delimit: drawn demarcated: physical

antecedent borders: defined before colonization

subsequent borders: defined after colonialization

consequent borders: consider cultural differences (religion, language)

annexation: claiming a state (like Puerto Rico)

autonomous: some authority to govern its borders separately from federal government

sovereign: the right of government to control its territory

territoriality: attempt to control people by asserting control over a geographic area

irredentism: attempt to take over neighboring states inhibited by people of the same origin.

neocolonialism: use of economic, cultural, or political pressures to influence other countries.

devolution: central power in a state is broken up among regional authorities (Soviet Union)

supranational organization: 3 more more states that work together to reach common goals.

nation state: country that only has one ethnic group within (Iceland)

federal: shared power throughout the state

unitary: central power separates from local areas.

5.agriculture:

subsistence: farming on small land intensively

intensive: much work and effort to have high profit

extensive: less labor (slash/burn, transhumance, herding)

agritourism: type of agribusiness for women that is alternative to standard food distribution

bid-rent: determines how farmers will use the land

precision agriculture: maximize crop yields, reduce waste, and preserve the environment.

long-lot system:

Quota: government restricting amount or crop farmers can sell.

biotechnology: genetic manipulation to create new crops

Genetic engineering: increase food supply to be more affordable at all scales.

Other: agriculture diffusion/Columbian Exchange both affect global exchange

6. urbanization:

rank size rule:

ecological footprint: amount of land required to sustain an area’s resources

Gravity Model: Two largest cities have more interaction

7.industrialization

Fordism: associated with mass production

Offshore Outsourcing:

Primary: extraction of natural resources

Secondary: manufacturing and production

Tertiary: services and commercial

Quaternary

Quinary: highest level of education and leadership