AP BIO NOTES

(this is awkward… but we’re starting from chapter 6-7?)

Initially, this will just be copying all my flashcards into here, but eventually, I want to be taking notes here, then creating flashcards off of this.

ORGANELLES:

Nucleus:

The Nucleus is the general statement of these parts:

1. Nuclear Envelope, a double membrane structure perforated with nuclear pores that decide what comes in and out the nucleus

2. Chromatin, DNA strands(uncoiled form) wrapped around stabilizing proteins called histones. When preparing to replicate, the chromatin condenses into chromosones

3. Nucleolus, the dense middle section of the nucleus, is where RNA is synthesized and is also where the initial structures of ribosomes are formed

   

Ribosomes:

• Ribosomes have their initial(and partial) formation within the nucleolus

• Free Ribosomes in the cytoplasm synthesize ALL the proteins required to operate within the cytoplasm, such as enzymatic proteins(these proteins will stay within the cell indefinitely)

• Bound Ribosomes in the rough ER will produce proteins that will either be destined for the bloodstream(secretion), cell membrane, or various organelles of the cell like the Golgi Apparatus or Lysosomes.