terms

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Atomic mass: How heavy an atom is, like the weight of a tiny piece of building block.
Atomic number: A special number that tells you how many little balls (protons) are inside an atom.
Atomic radius: How big an atom is from the center to the edge, like the size of a tiny
balloon.
Bohr-Rutherford diagrams: Pictures that show how the bits of an atom fit together, like a drawing of a family.
Boiling Point: The temperature when water gets so hot, it turns into steam, like when you see bubbles in a pot of boiling water.
Carbon dioxide test: A way to see if there’s a special gas that we breathe out, like blowing up a balloon.
Catalyst: A helper that makes something happen faster, like a friend pushing you on a swing.
Chemical changes: Changes that make something completely new, like when mixing paint to make a different color.
Chemical properties: Traits that tell us how a substance can change when it reacts, like how baking soda makes things bubble when mixed with vinegar.
Compounds: Things made of two or more different types of building blocks stuck together, like making a sandwich.
Concentration: How much of something is in a liquid, like how strong lemonade tastes if you add more sugar.
Condensation: The way water droplets form on a cold surface, like when you see dew on grass in the morning.
Conductivity: How well something can let electricity pass through, like how metal can carry electricity to light up your room.
Covalent bonds: When two atoms stick together by sharing things, like best friends sharing toys.
Density: How heavy something is compared to how much space it takes up, like the difference between a balloon and a rock.
Deposition: The process of gas turning into a solid, like frost forming on a chilly morning.
Ductility: How much you can stretch a material without breaking it, like stretching a piece of silly putty.
Electron: Tiny particles that are part of an atom, like little dots buzzing around a toy.
Elements: Basic building blocks of everything around us, like single colors of paint.
Ernest Rutherford: A scientist who helped us understand atoms better, like a detective figuring out a mystery.
Evaporation: When water turns into vapor and disappears, like magic disappearing water.
Gas: A type of matter that is light and spreads out, like the air you breathe.
Gold foil experiment: A test where tiny particles were shot at gold to discover the atom's center, like throwing balls at a castle to see what happens.
Group (periodic table): A column of similar elements in a chart, like a family of animals that are all alike.
Hardness: How tough a material is; how easily it can be scratched, like how hard a rock is compared to a piece of chalk.
Heterogeneous mixture: A mix where you can see different parts, like a salad with different vegetables inside.
Homogeneous mixture: A mix that looks the same everywhere, like a smoothie where everything is pureed together.
Hydrogen test: A way to check for hydrogen gas, like seeing sparks when you light a firecracker.
Indicator of chemical change: A sign that something new has been made, like changing colors in a science experiment.
Ionic bonds: Bonds where one atom gives away a part to another, like sharing a cookie where you get half and your friend gets the other half.
J. J. Thomson: A scientist who discovered what tiny atoms are made of, like finding out what’s inside a toy.
John Dalton: A scientist who figured out atoms are like tiny balls, like building blocks.
Liquid: A state of matter that can flow and take the shape of its container, like water in a cup.
Lustre: How shiny or dull something looks, like a shiny apple versus a matte rock.
Malleability: How easily something can be shaped, like squishing playdough.
Matter: Anything that takes up space and has weight, like your toys or your body.
Melting: When something turns from solid to liquid, like ice turning to water.
Melting Point: The temperature when ice turns into water, like when the sun makes your ice cream drip.
Mixtures: Combines different things without changing them permanently, like making a fruit salad.
Naming ionic compounds: Finding a special name for things made from atoms that like to stick together, like naming your pet.
Naming molecular compounds: Giving names to things made from non-metal atoms, just like naming your favorite food.
Neutron: Tiny neutral particles that help make up the center of an atom, like the glue holding it together.
Niels Bohr: A scientist who helped us picture how electrons circle around an atom, like planets around the sun.
Nucleus: The center part of an atom, like the yolk of an egg where everything is stored.
Orbital: The space around the nucleus where we find electrons, like the area where a story character moves.
Oxygen test: A way to find out if there is oxygen, like how a candle glows brighter with extra air.
Particle theory: The idea that everything is made of tiny pieces that are always moving, like how kids are always bouncing around.
Periodic (periodic table): A special chart that shows all the different kinds of elements, like a big box of crayons with different colors.
Periodic table trends: Patterns we see in the properties of elements, like how some animals can fly and some can’t.
Physical changes: Changes that don’t turn things into something new, like cutting paper into smaller pieces.
Physical properties: Traits we can see or touch without changing them, like the color of a toy.
Product: The result of a magical mixing process, like cookies coming out of the oven.
Proton: A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom, like a friendly ball in the center.
Pure substances: Things made up of just one type of material, like a spoonful of sugar.
Reactant: Things used up during a change, like ingredients you need to bake a cake.
Solidification: When a liquid turns back into solid, like ice forming in a freezer.
Solubility: How easily something dissolves in water, like how sugar disappears in your drink.
Solution: A mix where one thing is dissolved in another, like making lemonade.
Solute: The stuff you mix into a liquid, like the sugar you put into lemonade.
Solvent: The liquid that does the dissolving in a solution, like water in lemonade.
States of matter: The different forms things can take, like ice, water, or steam.
Sublimation: When a solid turns straight into a gas, like dry ice disappearing into air.
Viscosity: How thick a liquid is, like syrup being thicker than water.
Water vapour test: A way to see if there’s water vapor, like seeing steam rising from hot soup.