Unit 2 Notes on Prep Book

Pilgrims and the Massachusetts Bay Company

• English Calvinists led the Protestant Puritanism movement

• Wnated to pufiry Roman Catholic practices

• Separatists set sail for the New World in 1620

• The Mayflower landed in Massachusetts, in Plymouth

• Goal was religious freedom

• Pilgrims created the Mayflower Compact

  • Established basic system and leagl authority and assembly

  • Power derived from the people, not from God

• Native Americans helped them out

• By 1629, the Massachusetts Bay was established by Congressionalists

  • Puritants who wnated to reform teh church from within

  • Did not tolerate religious freedom

  • Calvinists

• Roger Williams was banished and moved to Rhode Island when he taught controverisal princples

• Anne Hutchinson was exiled as well

Other Early Colonies

• Proprietary colonies: owned by one person

• Royal colonies: king controlled

• Virginia: founded for economic gain in 1607

• Connecticut

  • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut in 1635

  • Proprietary colony

  • Religious differences with Puritans in Massachusetts led to establishment

• Rhode Island

  • Estbalished in 1636

  • Religious Freedom from Puritans in Mass.

• Maryland

  • Proprietary colony

  • Lord Baltimore

  • Haven for Catholics from Protestant England; religious freedom

  • Tobacco profiteering

  • Act of Toleration to protect religious freedom

• New York

  • Proprietary colony to king’s brother

  • Dutch

  • Declared royal colony in 1685

  • Seized from Dutch (jersey too, and delaware!)

• Pennsylvania

  • Quakers

  • William Penn

  • Religious freedom for them

  • Proprietary colony to Penn

  • Liberal policies to religious freedom

  • Treated all fairly

• Carolina

  • Proprietery

  • SPlit into North and South in 1729

Conflicts

• Powhatan Wars

  • 1610-1677

  • Earliest conflicts

  • Territorial disputes

  • Granted reservation lands to native americans

• Pequot War

  • 1636-1638

  • Massachusetts wanted to spread to Connecticut Valley, where the Pequot lived

  • Bay Colony attacked in retaliation to an attack from Pequot

• Beaver Wars

  • 1628-1701

  • Iroquois Confederacy with English allies against French-allied Algonquians in Great Lakes

  • Fur and fishing rights were wanted

  • Beaver numbers had declined, more demand than supply

  • Similar to Seven Years’ War conflict

• King Philip’s War

  • 1675-1678

  • Metacomet (leader of Wampanoag in Rhode Island)

  • Surrounded by white settlements, resisting conversion

  • Metacomet led attacks and formed an alliance with local tribes to destroy settlements

  • Native American presence among English colonies and their resistance

• Pueblo Revolt

  • 1680

  • SPanish wanted to control Pueblo people

  • Led successful revolt against them

  • Spanish came back in 1692 and reagined contorl

Slavery in the Early Colonies

• Began with Carolinas settlement

• INdentured servants and Native Americans had satisfied labor needs before development

• Needed easier and more sturdy people to enslave

• Middle Passage developed with triangular trade routes

• Farmed tobacco, rice, indigo on plantations

Salutory Neglect

• England interfered with colonial business as little as possible

• England set up absentee customs officials

• Colonies could self-govern (fueling revolutionary war sentiments)

• English culture was left behind

English Regulation of Colonial Trade

• Mercantilism

  • European economic system

  • Economic power was rooted in a good balance of trade

    • Exporting more than is imported

  • Controlling specie (currency) was necessary

• British government encouraged English manufacturing and protective tariffs on imports

• Navigation Acts and others were passed between 1651 and 1673 to restrict colonial trade

  • Required buying only from England, sell certain products only to England, and import with English ports and pay duties on them

  • Prohibiting manfnuacitng of certain products already being produced in England

  • Really restrictive (angry)

• Somewhat successful, lead to more smuggling and no violent protests because of reliance on England

Colonial Governments

• Every colony had a governor appointed by the King or proprietor

• Dependent on colonial legislatures for money

• Bicameral legilstuares

• New England Confederaiton was attempted but failed

Major Events to Know

Bacon’s Rebellion

• Virginia, 1676

• Coastal land had been clamed, farmland was being reached back into woods for

• Encroached on Native Americans settled there

• Western settles banded together to drive them out

• Jamestown govenrment tried to prevent ot stop a full on war

• Nathaniel Bacon was leader

• Demanded to governor Berkely to give him the authority to raise a milita and attack nearby tribes

  • Denied, lashed out anwya and burned Jamestown

Stono Uprising was the first successful slave rebellion in the1730s. Slaves stole guns and ammo and killed many and liberated others. Fled to Florida for freedom. Colonial milita caught up though.

Salem Witch Trials fueled by hysteria in 1692

Halfway Covenant passed to make it easier to baptize all children whose parents were.

First Great Awakening

• Religious revival in the 1730s and 1740s

• Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield

  • Preached severe Calvinism and Hell’s graphicness

  • Christinaity was emtoinal and spiritual

Colonial Life

• Growing population

  • Mainly Irish, German, Scottish, English

• Rural areas

• Laobr was gendered

• Women could barely do anything

• Black people were enslaved in the countryside of the South

• Cities were worse

  • Unsanitary, little work

• New England was a trade focused scoiety

• Middle colonies of NY, Penn, and NJ were fertile adn farmed

• Lower South had cash crops and slavery