scapula exam 2 review

Scapula Overview

  • The subscapular fossa, identified as number 45, appears on the anterior side of the scapula.

  • When observing the posterior scapula:

    • Spine is prominent, indicating the posterior side.

    • The shoulder joint is located on the right side of the screen.

  • When the scapula is flipped, this representation corresponds to the individual’s right side.

Anterior Surface of the Scapula

  • Subscapular Fossa (Num. 45):

    • A shallow but large concavity that aligns with the thoracic spine’s curvature, allowing gliding movement over the upper thoracic spine.

Posterior Surface of the Scapula

  • Supraspinatus Fossa (Num. 46):

    • Located above the spine; houses the supraspinatus muscle.

    • Helpful to note this as part of the posterior scapula anatomy.

  • Infraspinatus Fossa (Num. 47):

    • Located below the spine; contains the infraspinatus muscle.

    • The scapula is notably thin and translucent in some areas.

Lateral Aspect of the Scapula

  • Glenoid Cavity (Num. 48):

    • Important for the glenohumeral joint, which connects the humerus with the scapula.

  • Acromion Process (Num. 49):

    • Larger and posterior process; significant in shoulder articulation.

  • Coracoid Process (Num. 50):

    • Resembles a crow's beak, important for muscle attachment.

Borders and Angles of the Scapula

  • Axillary Border (Num. 51):

    • Located along the lateral aspect, near the armpit.

  • Medial Border: Faces the vertebral column.

  • Inferior Angle: Positioned at the bottom of the scapula.

  • The triangle auscultation area lies near the posterior thoracic spine, optimal for heart sound auscultation (relevant in Chapter 13).

Features of the Humerus

  • Head of Humerus (Num. 55):

    • The rounded part is proximal to the body core.

  • Greater and Lesser Tubercle:

    • Greater Tubercle (Num. 56): More lateral bump.

    • Lesser Tubercle (Num. 57): More medial bump.

  • Intertubercular Sulcus (Num. 58):

    • Located between the tubercles; the biceps brachii tendon passes through this groove.

Deltoid Muscle and Related Anatomical Structures

  • Deltoid Tubercle (Num. 60):

    • On the lateral mid-shaft of the humerus, subtle in non-weightlifters.

  • Trochlea (Num. 60):

    • Suited for hinge joint motion with the ulna; resembles a spool or pulley.

  • Capitulum (Num. 61):

    • Slightly lateral to the trochlea; articulates with the radial head.

Features of Fossa and Epicondyles

  • Coronoid Fossa (Num. 62):

    • Positioned above the trochlea, accommodates the coronoid process of the ulna.

  • Olecranon Fossa:

    • Large cavity located at the distal posterior part of the humerus; fits the olecranon process of the ulna during extension of the elbow.

  • Radial Fossa:

    • Small depression that accommodates the radial head during flexion.

  • Lateral and Medial Epicondyles:

    • Important for attachment points for ligaments; lateral epicondyle is adjacent to the capitulum.

Ulna Anatomical Features

  • Olecranon Process (Num. 66):

    • The prominent part of the ulna that interacts with the olecranon fossa of the humerus.

  • Coronoid Process (Num. 67):

    • Fits into the coronoid fossa of the humerus during flexion.

  • Radial Notch:

    • An area for the head of the radius to articulate with the ulna.

  • Distal Ulna Styloid: Minor prominence associated with wrist ligaments.

Radius Anatomical Features

  • Radial Head (Num. 70): This plays a role in elbow flexion.

  • Radial Tuberosity (Num. 71):

    • Vital for biceps brachii muscle attachment.

Carpals and Digits Overview

  • Carpals:

    • Total: 8 carpal bones; essential to know their general names for assessments.

  • Digits:

    • Each hand contains five digits comprised of phalanges, with patterns integral in various movements.

Pelvis and Lower Extremity Introduction

  • Upcoming discussions will dive into the pelvis and lower extremities in future content.