soc sci

SOC SCI


Market price - amount a buyer pays for a product

National product - the money value of goods and services the economy produced in a period of time

Two basic approaches

  • National product approach 

  • National income approach

Personal consumption expenditures (C ) - household consumption

  • Durable goods (furniture, cars, and appliances)

  • Non durable (food, toiletries, clothes)

  • Services (telephone, water, and electricity)

Government expenditures on goods and services (G) - philippine government is the biggest single spender in the economy

Capital formation (I) - commonly known as investment

Net export (X - M) - difference of the total value of merchandise exports, “balance of trades”

National account - national product, and national income accounts

Gross domestic expenditures (GDE) - Sum of the market values of all final products

(GDE = C+G+I)

Gross domestic product (GDP) - sum of private consumption expenditures

(GDP = C+G+I + (X - M)

Gross national product (GNP) - the biggest national income account

(GNP = GDP = NET FACTOR ABROAD)

Net national product - measures economic performance minus depreciation allowance

Depreciation allowance - payment for the use of capital acquired in the past

Indirect taxes - taxes on consumed goods and services

National income - gnp should be equal to gross national income

Nominal gnp - current price gnp

Real gnp - constant price gnp

Price index - number that shows how much an average price has changed overtime

Externality - a side effect or consequence of an industrial or commercial activity  

Human development index - measure of how well a country has performed

Real gdp per capita - average value of output produced by each person in the country in one year



ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Different blueprints

Ramos - philippines 2000

Estrada - angat pinoy 2004

Benigno aquino III - daang matuwid

Duterte - malasakit pagbabago at patuloy na pag-unlad

Economic growth - most desired macroeconomic goal

Frictional unemployment - move from one company to another to find a better job

Price stability - when market prices, hardly fluctuattte

Economic growth - authentic if the country’s productivity rate is highest than its population growth rate

Economic stagnation - economic growth is only as much as population growth 

Economic retrogression - population grows faster than the economy

Economic development - long period of time

  • Sustained increase in real production

National development - covers all dimensions of the society 

Primary economic factors - human resources, physical capital, natural resources, and technology

Non economic factors - preach and order situation, political stability, geographical location, etc.

NEDA - national economic and development authority - planning agency

Neda board and secretariat - two distinct entities of NEDA

NEDA BOARD - powers and functions of the NEDA

NEDA SECRETARIAT - the authority in macroeconomic forecasting

Principle of subsidiarity - government plays only a subsidiary role in nation building

Decentralization - spreading socioeconomic opportunities from traditional centers to the country side

Indicative planning - private sector participation in state development

AmBisyon natin 2040 - collective long term vision and aspirations of the filipino for themselves crafted in 2015

Filipinos are strongly rooted - filipino families live together / work-life balance

Filipinos are comfortable - no one is poor, no one is ever hungry/ families live together in comfortable homes

Filipinos are secure - expect to live long and enjoy a comfortable life upon retirement


FINANCIAL SECTOR AND MONETARY POLICY

Money - anything which the market accepts as payment

Barter system - system of trading

Credit card payment - short-term loan 

Digital wallet - functional provided it has the enough cash load

Medium of exchange - money is convenient and effective

Standard of value - money makes trade and commerce easy

Store of value - money is a form of wealth

Standard of deferred payment - money makes it possible

National statistical coordination board - deifnes money supply

Demand deposits - savings and checking accounts held by banks

Time deposit - interest-bearing bank

Fixed deposits - high-interest-yielding term deposits

Recurring deposits - special kind of term deposit offered by banks

Income - directly proportional to consumption 

interest  rate - inversely related to the demand for money

Interest rate - go with the step of inflation rate

Transactional motive - people’s desire to buy goods and services 

Precautionary motive - people’s desire to meet emergency needs

Speculative motive - people’s desire to keep money as a safe asset

Financial institutions - comprise the monetary sector/banks and non banks

Banks - entities that engage in lending funds obtained in the form of deposits

Universal banks - institutions that offer all services/ 21 

Commercial banks - biggest lenders of investment funds and limited services / 22

Thrift banks - composed of savings and mortgage banks / 57

Rural banks - established to accelerate countryside development / 492

Cooperative banks - organized by the members on a cooperative basis / 40

Islamic banks - banking activities comply with sharia(islamic law) - only AAIIBP

Non banks - do not offer full scale bank activities 

Intermediation - banks links the depositors and the borrowers \