Grade 9 Final Term Revision Questions

A. Theoretical Questions (Q and A)

  1. What is programming?
    • Programming is the process of designing and building executable computer software to accomplish a specific task.
    • Example: Writing a code to calculate the sum of two numbers using Python. 
   def add_numbers(a, b):
       return a + b
  1. What are the various types of data in Python?
    • Python supports several data types: integers, floats, strings, booleans, lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets.
    • Example Program using a List: 
   fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
   print(fruits)
  1. What is Type casting? What are its types?
    • Type casting is the conversion of one data type into another.
    • Types:
      • Implicit Casting: Automatically done by Python.
      • Explicit Casting: Manual conversion using constructors.
    • Example: 
   x = 1  # Integer
   y = float(x)  # Explicitly cast to float

  1. What is a dictionary in Python?

    • A dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs.
    • Methods of a Dictionary:
      • dict.keys()
      • dict.values()
      • dict.items()
      • dict.get(key)
      • dict.pop(key)

  2. What is a list in Python?

    • A list is an ordered collection of items which can be of different datatypes.
    • Methods of a List:
      • list.append(item)
      • list.remove(item)
      • list.insert(index, item)
      • list.pop(index)
      • list.sort()

  3. How are the elements of a list in Python accessed?

    • Elements of a list are accessed using indexing. The index starts from 0.
    • Example: 
   my_list = [10, 20, 30]
   print(my_list[0])  # Outputs 10
  1. What is looping in Python?
    • Looping refers to executing a block of code repeatedly.
    • Example of a For Loop: 
   for i in range(5):
       print(i)
  1. What is iteration in Python?
    • Iteration is the process of executing a set of statements repeatedly.
    • Example: 
   items = [1, 2, 3]
   for item in items:
       print(item)
  1. What are functions in Python?
    • Functions are blocks of reusable code that perform a specific task.
    • User-defined functions: Functions created by the user.
    • Built-in functions: Predefined functions in Python.
    • Example of a User-defined Function: 
   def greet(name):
       return f"Hello, {name}!"

  1. What is SDLC?

    • Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a process framework for planning, creating, testing, and deploying information systems.
    • Diagram:
    1. Requirement Analysis
    2. Planning
    3. Design
    4. Implementation
    5. Testing
    6. Deployment
    7. Maintenance

  2. What is HTML?

    • HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language, the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser.

  3. What are tags in HTML?

    • Tags are the fundamental building blocks of HTML that define the structure of web pages.
    • Types of HTML:
      • Structural Tags (e.g., <html>, <body>)
      • Formatting Tags (e.g., <b>, <i>)
      • List Tags (e.g., <ul>, <ol>, <li>)

  4. Open and Closed Tags in HTML:

    • Open Tags: Tags that define the beginning of an element. Example: <p>
    • Closed Tags: Tags that define the end of an element. Example: </p>

  5. 5 Open Tags and 5 Closed Tags in HTML:

    • Open Tags: <html>, <body>, <div>, <h1>, <p>
    • Closed Tags: </html>, </body>, </div>, </h1>, </p>

  6. Differences:

    • a. <HTML> vs <HEAD>:
      • <HTML> represents the entire HTML document, while <HEAD> contains metadata and links.
    • b. <p> vs <img>:
      • <p> is a block-level element for text, while <img> is used to embed images.
    • c. <img> vs <a>:
      • <img> is for images, while <a> is an anchor tag for hyperlinks.
    • d. <li> vs <table>:
      • <li> is used for list items, while <table> defines a table structure.
    • e. <ul> vs <table>:
      • <ul> defines an unordered list, while <table> is for tabular data.
    • f. <ol> vs <li>:
      • <ol> defines an ordered list, while <li> is used for list items in both ordered and unordered lists.

  7. Full form of HTML: HyperText Markup Language

  8. Full form of CSS: Cascading Style Sheets

  9. Sample Structure of CSS in Web Development: 

   body {
       background-color: lightblue;
   }
   h1 {
       color: white;
   }
  1. Cyber Security:
    • Cyber Security refers to the practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks.
  2. Cyber Bullying:
    • Cyber Bullying involves the use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature.
  3. Cyber Crime:
    • Cyber Crime encompasses any criminal activity that involves a computer and a network.
  4. Firewall:
    • A Firewall is a network security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
  5. Digital Footprint:
    • A Digital Footprint is the trail of data you leave behind while using the internet.
  6. Malware:
    • Malware is malicious software designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a computer system.
  7. Antivirus:
    • Antivirus is software designed to detect and destroy computer viruses and other malicious software.
  8. Differences Between Antivirus and Firewall:
    • a. Antivirus software scans for and removes malware, while a Firewall blocks unauthorized access to or from a private network.
    • b. Antivirus works mainly on individual computer systems, while a Firewall can be hardware or software protecting a network.
    • c. Antivirus can be installed on multiple devices, while Firewalls can protect entire networks.
  9. Differences Between Virus and Malware:
    • a. A virus is a type of malware specifically designed to replicate and spread.
    • b. Malware is a more general term for any malicious software, while a virus specifically requires human action to propagate.
    • c. Some malware (such as spyware) does not replicate itself like a virus does.
  10. Differences Between Ransomware and Malware:
    • a. Ransomware is malware that demands payment to restore access to data, while malware is a general term for malicious software.
    • b. Ransomware typically encrypts files, while other malware may steal data without encryption.
    • c. Ransomware primarily focuses on extorting money, while malware may serve various purposes, including data theft or damage.
  11. Is Digital Footprint beneficial?
    • No, it has various disadvantages:
      1. Privacy concerns as personal information may be exposed.
      2. Potential for misuse of personal data by malicious users.
      3. Long-term effects on reputation and employability.
  12. What are web browsers?
    • Web browsers are software applications for accessing information on the World Wide Web.
    • Examples: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox.
  13. What are Search Engines?
    • Search engines are systems designed to carry out web searches and provide results based on user queries.
    • Examples: Google, Bing.
  14. Differences between email and messaging:
    • 1. Emails can contain larger files and are typically used for formal communication, while messaging is more immediate and casual.
    • 2. Email requires a subject line and can be slower, while messaging is often real-time with no subject required.

B. Short Theoretical Questions

  1. What is a protocol in the internet?
    • A protocol is a set of rules that determine how data is transmitted and received over a network.
  2. Write full forms of:
    • a. HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol
    • b. HTTPS: HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure
    • c. SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
    • d. W3C: World Wide Web Consortium
    • e. ARPA: Advanced Research Projects Agency
    • f. FTP: File Transfer Protocol
    • g. CSS: Cascading Style Sheets
    • h. MFA: Multi-Factor Authentication
    • i. URL: Uniform Resource Locator
    • j. CPU: Central Processing Unit
    • k. RAM: Random Access Memory
  3. Write 3 Antivirus software:
    • Norton Antivirus
    • McAfee
    • Avast
  4. Define the following:
    • a. Netiquette: The code of acceptable online behavior.
    • b. Digital Citizenship: The ability to participate in society online responsibly and safely.
    • c. Online Privacy: The right to keep personal information private while using digital services.
    • d. Online Bullying: Bullying that takes place over digital devices through messaging, social media, and other online spaces.
  5. Define Cyber Law in a single sentence:
    • Cyber Law refers to legal regulations governing the internet and digital communications.
  6. Define these terms:
    • a. Application Software: Software designed to help the user perform specific tasks.
    • b. Internet: A global network of interconnected computers.
    • c. Keyboard: An input device used to type and enter data.
    • d. Computer Virus: A type of malicious software capable of replicating itself.
    • e. Dictionary: A collection of key-value pairs in Python.
    • f. Website: A collection of related web pages located under a single domain.
    • g. E-commerce: Buying and selling goods online.
    • h. Digital Citizenship: The norms of appropriate behavior while using technology.
    • i. Malware: Malicious software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to systems.
    • j. List: An ordered collection of items in Python.
    • k. Web Page: A document on the World Wide Web which is displayed in a web browser.
    • l. Digital Marketing: Promoting products or services through digital channels.
    • m. Debugging: The process of finding and resolving defects in software or hardware.
    • n. Errors in Programming: Mistakes that prevent the software from working as intended.

C. Number System

a. Convert:
  • i.
    • (AEF)$_{16}$ to Binary:
      • A = 1010, E = 1110, F = 1111
      • Result: 101011101111
  • ii.
    • (663)$_{8}$ to Binary:
      • 6 = 110, 6 = 110, 3 = 011
      • Result: 110110011
  • iii.
    • (1010111)$_{2}$ to Octal:
      • Group binary into threes: 1 010 111 -> 1 2 7
      • Result: 127
  • iv.
    • (1010111)$_{2}$ to Hexadecimal:
      • Group binary into fours: 0001 0101 0111 -> 1 5 7
      • Result: 157
  • v.
    • (1010111)$_{2}$ to Decimal:
      • $1 imes 2^6 + 0 imes 2^5 + 1 imes 2^4 + 0 imes 2^3 + 1 imes 2^2 + 1 imes 2^1 + 1 imes 2^0 = 64 + 16 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 83$
  • vi.
    • (123)$_{10}$ to Binary:
      • $123
        ightarrow 1111011$
  • vii.
    • (123)$_{10}$ to Octal:
      • $123
        ightarrow 173$
  • viii.
    • (123)$_{10}$ to Hexadecimal:
      • $123
        ightarrow 7B$
b. Calculate:

  • i.

    • (1010110 - 10101) + 1000:

    • Step 1:

      • 1010110−0010101=10000011010110 - 0010101 = 1000001

    • Step 2:

      • 1000001+0010000=1010001=100100011000001 + 0010000 = 1010001 = 10010001

    • ii.

    • 11010101 / 110:

    • Result: 11010101
      ightarrow 101010

    • iii.

    • 10101 x 110:

    • Result: 10101imes110=111111010101 imes 110 = 1111110

D. Python Programming to Generate Following Series:

  1. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 up to 20 terms: 
   for i in range(1, 21):
       print(2 * i)
  1. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 up to 20 terms: 
   a, b = 0, 1
   for _ in range(20):
       print(b)
       a, b = b, a + b
  1. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 up to 20 terms: 
   for i in range(20):
       print(2**i)
  1. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25: 
   for i in range(1, 6):
       print(i**2)
  1. 1, 4, 7, 10 up to 20 terms: 
   for i in range(20):
       print(1 + 3*i)
  1. 3, 10, 5, 16 up to 20 terms (requires clarification):
    • Assuming a pattern where numbers alternate. 
   series = [3]
   for _ in range(19):
       series.append(series[-1] + (7 if len(series) % 2 == 0 else -5))
   print(series)
  1. 1, 11, 111, 1111, 11111: 
   for i in range(1, 6):
       print(int('1' * i))
  1. 55, 555, 5555, 55555, 555555: 
   for i in range(1, 7):
       print(5 * int('1' * i))

E. Dry-run Execution Table

  1. num = 2543

    Stepnumrsum
    1254333
    225447
    325512
    42214
    5014
    • Final Output: Result is 14

  2. num = 123

    Stepnumrrev
    112333
    212232
    311321
    40321
    • Final Output: Reverse number is 321

  3. num = 246

    Stepnumrproduct
    124666
    224424
    32248
    4048
    • Final Output: Result is 48

  4. numbers = [5, 12, 18, 21, 40]

    • Count numbers divisible by 3.
    • Output: Count = 2 (12 and 18)

  5. numbers = [8, 15, 22, 33, 44]

    • Count sum of even numbers.
    • Output: Sum = 74 (8 + 22 + 44)

  6. numbers = [11, 24, 36, 47, 50]

    • Count numbers greater than 30.
    • Output: Count = 3 (36, 47, 50)

F. Debug the Following Programs

  1. Sum of digits: 
   num = 2564
   sum = 0
   while num > 0:
       r = num % 10
       sum = sum + r
       num = num // 10
   print("Sum is", sum)
  1. Product of digits: 
   n = 345
   product = 1
   while n > 0:
       r = n % 10
       product = product * r
       n = n // 10
   print("Product is", product)
  1. Count digits: 
   num = 7896
   count = 0
   while num > 0:
       r = num % 10
       count = count + 1
       num = num // 10
   print("Total digits are", count)
  1. Count odd numbers in a list: 
   numbers = [10, 15, 22, 33, 40]
   count = 0
   for n in numbers:
       if n % 2 == 1:
           count = count + 1
   print("Total odd numbers are", count)
  1. Sum of numbers in a list: 
   nums = [5, 10, 15, 20]
   sum = 0
   for n in nums:
       sum = sum + n
   print("Sum is", sum)
  1. Count numbers greater than 25: 
   numbers = [12, 30, 45, 10, 28]
   count = 0
   for n in numbers:
       if n > 25:
           count += 1
   print("Count is", count)

G. Answer Given Questions after Studying Programs

  1. students data structure:

    • Used: Dictionary
    • Output: Number of students passed: 3, Number of students failed: 1
    • a. Data Structure Used: Dictionary
    • b. Output of the Program: 3 passed, 1 failed

  2. products data structure:

    • Used: Dictionary
    • Output: Expensive products: 2, Cheap products: 2
    • a. Data Structure Used: Dictionary
    • b. Output of the Program: 2 expensive, 2 cheap products

  3. nums data structure:

    • Used: List
    • Values processed in 2nd and 4th loop: 5 (2nd loop), 7 (4th loop)
    • a. Data Structure Used: List
    • b. Values Processed: 5, 7

  4. numbers data structure:

    • Used: List
    • Values processed in 1st and 5th loop: 3 (1st loop), 11 (5th loop)
    • a. Data Structure Used: List
    • b. Values Processed: 3, 11

H. Write Python Programs to:

  1. Calculate Simple Interest: 
   def calculate_si(principal, rate, time):
       return (principal * rate * time) / 100
  1. Calculate the Area of Rectangle, Circle, and Square:
    • Rectangle: 
   def area_rectangle(length, width):
       return length * width
  • Circle:
   import math
   def area_circle(radius):
       return math.pi * (radius ** 2)
  • Square:
   def area_square(side):
       return side ** 2
  1. Calculate the area of four walls and volume of a box: 
   def area_of_walls(length, width, height):
       return 2 * (length + width) * height
   def volume_of_box(length, width, height):
       return length * width * height
  1. Calculate Total Surface Area and Volume of a Cylinder: 
   def cylinder_surface_area(radius, height):
       return 2 * math.pi * radius * (radius + height)
   def cylinder_volume(radius, height):
       return math.pi * (radius ** 2) * height
  1. Check if a number is negative, positive, or zero: 
   def check_number(num):
       if num > 0:
           return "Positive"
       elif num < 0:
           return "Negative"
       else:
           return "Zero"
  1. Print the lowest number among 3 given numbers: 
   def lowest_of_three(a, b, c):
       return min(a, b, c)
  1. Print squares of all numbers from 5 to 50: 
   for i in range(5, 51):
       print(i ** 2)
  1. Print product of all even digits from a multi-digit number: 
   def product_even_digits(num):
       product = 1
       for digit in str(num):
           if int(digit) % 2 == 0:
               product *= int(digit)
       return product
  1. Check if a number is Palindrome: 
   def is_palindrome(num):
       return str(num) == str(num)[::-1]
  1. Check if a number is Armstrong: 
   def is_armstrong(num):
       order = len(str(num))
       return num == sum(int(digit) ** order for digit in str(num))
  1. Check if a number is Prime or Composite: 
   def is_prime(num):
       if num <= 1:
           return "Composite"
       for i in range(2, int(num ** 0.5) + 1):
           if num % i == 0:
               return "Composite"
       return "Prime"
  1. Print multiplication table of a given number: 
   def multiplication_table(num):
       for i in range(1, 11):
           print(f"{num} x {i} = {num * i}")
  1. Print sum of all even numbers from 1 to 50: 
   even_sum = sum(i for i in range(1, 51) if i % 2 == 0)
   print(even_sum)
  1. Print sum of all multiples of 8 from 8 to 80: 
   multiples_of_eight_sum = sum(i for i in range(8, 81, 8))
   print(multiples_of_eight_sum)
  1. Print product of all multiples of 5 from 5 to 500: 
   product_of_fives = 1
   for i in range(5, 501, 5):
       product_of_fives *= i
   print(product_of_fives)
  1. Print factors of a given number: 
   def factors(num):
       return [i for i in range(1, num + 1) if num % i == 0]
  1. Print factorial of a given number: 
   import math
   def factorial(num):
       return math.factorial(num)
  1. Hailstone series: 
   def hailstone_series(n):
       series = []
       for _ in range(10):
           series.append(n)
           if n % 2 == 0:
               n //= 2
           else:
               n = 3 * n + 1
       return series