Two kinds of cells: Neurons and glial

Neurons receive information and transmit it to other cells. A messengers.

Neurons - They use electrical impulses and chemical signals to transmit information

Glial/Glial Cells - held the neurons together. Provide support and protection to the neurons

Glial cells are smaller than neurons but are greater in number than nerve cells

Main founders of Neuroscience: Santiago Ramón Y Cajal and Charles Sherrington

Santiago Ramón Y Cajal - Pioneer of Neuroscience. imprisoned in a solitary cell, limited to one meal a day, and taken out daily for public flogging at the age of 10– for the crime of not paying attention during his Latin Class.

Camillo Golgi - was an Italian biologist and pathologist known for his works on the central nervous system.

Golgi created the black reaction technique

found a way to stain nerve cells with silver salts.

      Animal Cells - typical of the eukaryotic cell

Plasma Membrane - separates the inside of the cell from the outside

Nucleus - structure that contains the chromosomes.

Mitochondrion - performs metabolic activities.

Ribosomes - sites for cell that synthesize new protein molecules.

Endoplasmic Reticulum - network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins to other locations.

Dendrites – where a neuron receives input from other cells. Greek word “tree”.

Cell Body or Soma - contains the nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria. Greek for "body", plural: so-mata.

Axon - thin fiber. Greek word "axis"

Afferent - Brings information into a structure. Also called sensory information (vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch, etc.)

Efferent - carries information away from a structure. Also called motor neurons.

Interneuron/Intrinsic neuron - they connect spinal motor and sensory neurons.