Final Exam Review Notes

Key Definitions and Concepts

Hypoactive Sexual Disorder: A condition characterized by a lack of sexual desire, causing distress or interpersonal difficulty.
Hyperactive Sexual Disorder: Excessive sexual desire that may lead to distress or problems in interpersonal relationships.
Priapism: A medical condition in which an individual has a prolonged and painful erection due to an inability of blood to drain from the penis.
Vaginismus: Involuntary contractions of the vaginal muscles, which can make penetration painful or impossible.
Male Erectile Disorder: Condition where a male experiences difficulty in achieving or maintaining an erection adequate for sexual activity.
Dyspareunia: Painful intercourse, which can affect both men and women.
Spectatoring: A psychological phenomenon where an individual becomes a detached observer of their own sexual performance, leading to anxiety and decreased sexual pleasure.
Peyronie's Disease: Involves the development of fibrous scar tissue inside the penis, causing curved, painful erections.
Anodyspareunia: Pain occurring during anal intercourse.
Sexual Harassment: Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature.
Sexual Aversion Disorder: An extreme aversion to sexual activity, causing distress.
Sexual Arousal Disorders: Disorders related to the inability to attain or maintain adequate sexual excitement during sexual activity.
Orgasmic Disorders: Involves difficulty or an inability to reach orgasm.
Abstinence: The practice of refraining from sexual activity.

Sexual Health and Dysfunction

Sexual Health: Defined as a state of physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being in relation to sexuality. It emphasizes the need for respectful and positive sexual relationships.
Sexual Dysfunction: Refers to disturbances in sexual desire or the sexual response cycle that causes marked distress and interpersonal difficulties, as defined by DSM-V. - Universal Characteristic of Sexual Attractiveness: Good health is commonly viewed as a universal trait of sexual appeal. - Main Reasons for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Often linked to psychological distress and interpersonal difficulties. - Orgasm Challenges in Women: A significant cause for difficulties in achieving orgasm is the lack of experience with self-touch.

Sexual Transmission Infections

Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD): Also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), it refers to infections commonly spread through sexual contact, including vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and anal sex. - Principal Types of STIs: Bacterial vs. Viral infections. - Major Bacterial STIs: - Chlamydia - Gonorrhea: Most common bacterial STI in the U.S. - Syphilis - Viral STIs: - HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus. - HPV: Human papillomavirus. - HSV: Genital herpes. - Hepatitis A, B, C: - Hepatitis A: Often transmitted via contaminated food, oral-anal sex. - Hepatitis B: Spread through contact with infected fluids. - Hepatitis C: Primarily transmitted through contact with infected blood.
Asymptomatic Nature of STIs: Approximately 80% of individuals with STIs experience no noticeable symptoms.

Eating Disorders and Related Conditions

Eating Disorders: Characterized by abnormal and unhealthy eating behaviors, typically rooted in complex interplay of factors: - Genetic predisposition. - Environmental triggers. - Personal experiences. - Types of Eating Disorders: - Anorexia Nervosa: Excessive pursuit of thinness. - Bulimia: Involves binge eating followed by purging behaviors (e.g., vomiting, excessive exercise). - Binge Eating Disorder: Similar to bulimia but without compensatory purging actions.

Paraphilic Disorders and Behaviors

Paraphilia: A mental disorder characterized by recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors lasting at least six months, potentially involving: - Nonhuman objects. - Suffering or humiliation of oneself or a partner. - Children or non-consenting individuals.
Examples of Paraphilitic Behaviors: - Fetishism: Sexual attraction to objects that have become sexual symbols. - Partialism: Exclusive attraction to specific body parts. - Frotteurism: Fantasizing about touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person. - Autoerotic Asphyxia: Combining strangulation with masturbation to heighten arousal.

Additional Notes

Nymphomania: Describes excessive sexual desire in women, often defined more by social standards than medical science.
Satyriasis: Excessive sexual desire in men, although less commonly used than nymphomania.
Body's Sexual Response: The commencement of sexual response occurs even before birth; boys display erections, while girls exhibit vaginal lubrication and swelling.
Heterosexual Bias: The tendency to view the world through a heterosexual framework, disregarding homosexual experiences.
Sexual Variation: Refers to behaviors that do not align with mainstream sexual expressions and are statistically atypical in American society.