23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism

Data Structures Overview

• Data Structure: A combination of several data values organized in a unit to be accessed and manipulated.

Types of Data Structures

• String: A sequence of characters, acts as a data structure for text.
• List: A sequence of data values (items) that can be of any type. Ordered by position with indices starting from 0.
  • Examples of Lists:
  • Shopping list
  • To-do list
  • Roster for a team
  • Guest list
  • Recipe instructions
  • Text document lines
  • Phone book names

List Characteristics

• Each item in a list has a unique index.
• Operations for lists include:
  • Access: L[index]
  • Slice: L[start:end] returns a sublist.
  • Concatenation: L1 + L2 combines two lists.
  • Print: print(L) displays the list.
  • Length: len(L) gives the number of elements.

List Literals and Creation

• A list literal in Python is denoted by square brackets (e.g., list = [1951, 1969, 1984]).
• Empty list: []
• Lists can contain other lists (nested lists). Example: [[5, 9], [541, 78]].

List Methods

• Insertion:

  • list.insert(index, value) adds a value at a specified index.
  • list.append(value) adds a value to the end.
  • list.extend(other_list) appends elements from another list.

• Removal:

  • list.pop(index) removes the value at a specified index.
  • list.pop() removes the last element.

Modifications to Lists

• Lists are mutable; elements can be replaced, inserted, or removed.
• Example:
  • Replacing:
    example = [1, 2, 3, 4] example[3] = 0 # Result: [1, 2, 3, 0]

Searching and Sorting Lists

• Searching for an element can be done using the in operator.
• Sorting: Use list.sort(), which arranges elements in ascending order.

Dictionaries

• Dictionaries: Organize data by association (not by position).
• Example: `{