HG Quiz 3

Postcolonial theory

  • Colonialism historically shaped politics and the identities of both colonized and colonizers

  • Alterity and exoticism: colonial requires “Othering” the colonized

  • Postcolonialism studies these effects

  • Hybridity results from social interactions between colonizers and colonized.

    • Mimicry - using cultural aspects of another culture (usually colonizer), does not always work. African cultures wearing the European long dresses in their tropical climate

    • Appropriation - using elements of one culture but not giving proper credit


Types of social interaction 

  • 5 common forms of social interaction 

  1. Exchange - occurs when people interact in an effort to receive a reward nor a return for their actions 

    1. Reward might be tangible or intangible

    2. Reciprocity is the idea that if you do something for someone, that person owes you something in return

      1. Basis of exchange interactions

    3. Exchange theory is the idea that people are motivated by self interest in their interactions with other people

      1. Rewarded behavior is repeated

  2. Competition - occurs when two or more people or groups oppose each other to achieve a goal that only one can attain

    1. Common in western societies

    2. Sometimes considered the basis of capitalism and democracy

    3. Can lead to psychological stress, a lack of cooperation, and conflict

  3. Conflict - is the deliberate attempt to control a person by force, to oppose someone, or to harm another person

    1. Has few rules of accepted conduct

    2. Can reinforce group boundaries and loyalty

  4. Cooperation - occurs when two or more people or groups work together to achieve a goal that will benefit more than one person

    1. A social process that gets things done

    2. May be used along with competition to motivate members to work harder for the group 

  5. Accommodation - is the state of balance between cooperation and conflict

    1. Compromise - each party gives up something they want in order to come to an agreement

    2. Mediation - calling a third party who guides the two parties toward an agreement

    3. Truce - temporarily brings a halt to the competition or conflict until a compromise can be reached (cease fire)

    4. Arbitration - a third party makes a decision that is binding on both parties


Warm Up - 10/13


Use 4 key words - I do not think that Panem citizens are equipped to live under democratic rule. While the districts would benefit from having a democracy and more freedom the capital citizens would not be well suited for a government where they are not used to not the highest of living standards. 



10/24 - Power of the Media


  • Media Convergence - Merging of the types of media (4 types of media):

    • Print - newspaper, magazines, books, etc.

    • Audio -  recorded in sound format, device the audio is made on, what you use to listen to audio

      • MP3, ipod, radio

    • Visual - TV

    • Online -  world wide web

  • Institutionalization of mass media

  • Oral communication

  • Musical instruments 

  • Writing on paper

  • Trade becoming complex (agriculture), 

    • bookkeeping and records needed

  • Invention of printing press

    • Before - Monks

    • Spread religious ideas

  • Industrial Revolution

    • Mass production = concentration of people

      • Rise of school (generation of children reading and writing)

      • Rise of newspaper

  • Electronic Media

  • Information Society - knowledge and skills drive economy rather than labor 

    • Communication and Internet revolutionized information storage 

  • Media Consumption 

  • 3600 hours on average a year

  • Perspectives: 

    • Functionalist Perspective - media keep track of what's happening, interpret information, pass on societies basic values and beliefs (the positives of media)

    • Conflict Perspective - mass media reinforces social order, hierarchy, and inequalities 

      • Knowledge-gap Hypothesis - the wealthy and better educated people acquire information more quickly

      • Digital divide - gap between with those with actress to technology and others 

    • Interactionist perspective - impact of mass media on interactions

      • TV can be solitary or group event

      • Internet as new type of social interaction others think it is a threat to social interaction

  • Gregarious instinct - always have an instinct of getting together with other human beings

  • Violence in media may influence real world violence

  • Children targeted by advertisers 

  • Some argue people have become less social due to media 

  • Social capital - everything that makes up community of people


10/29

  • Meta cinema - a type of cinema that reflects on itself that it is a movie 

  • Meta Language - language about the language, she's discussing language terms, grammar studies


10/29 - Contemporary Mass Media Issues


The Power of the Media


  • Many feel that the new media would wield too much power 

    • propaganda

  • Spiral of silence: as news media offer repeated opinions, more people accept these opinions, and people who disagree are less likely to voice their views

  • Agenda setting: the media do not tell people what to think, but what to think about

  • Gatekeepers: media figures decide what the agenda is in a particular story

  • Opinion leaders: respected individuals are the first to evaluate messages and their importance 


“Reality TV,” faking/performing, and surveillance


  • Performing not-performing

    • Counteruse of surveillance

    • “Naturally feminine”

  • Panopticon: Pan=all, opticon=see everything

  • The myth of privacy and authenticity


Keller

  • Suffix “meta”

    • Meta-cinema

    • Meta-marketing

    • Meta-analysis

  • In what ways are the games an allegory?

    • Cautionary tale

  • In what ways are the films an allegory?

    • Caesar vs. Ross

    • Katniss vs Jennifer Lawrence

    • Capitol audience vs us


10/31 - Media production for adaptations 

Happy halloween


Info to know

  • Know main actors names in HG and BSS

    • Celebrities in the movie

  • Producers 

  • Music directors

  • Costume Designers

  • Remember video about film adaptation


Where is language?

  • Brain

  • Body

  • Language is bridge between body and brain

Papa Boaz

  • Franz Boas

  • Introduction to Handbook of Native American Languages

  • Related but distinct: language//race//culture


Language is powerful

  • rhetoric /persuasion

  • Euphemism: used to sugarcoat things that people may find crude or shocking

    • Smart bomb

    • Put the animal down/passed away

  • Pleonasm: repetition in your speech

    • Murderous assassin

    • Ascending upward

  • Dysphemism: Calling a nice thing a bad name. Inappropriate insults

    • An illegal - a noun so they don't have the right to exist

  • Labels: designations that cause high emotions

    • Refugees / evacuees / victims / survivors / tributes


Propoganda


What LingAnths do

  • Language documentation

  • 3-5000 different languages now spoken - most are endangered

  • Make explicit the knowledge of the language people are speaking

  • Universals / differences

  • Nexus of language and culture

  • Discourse analysis

  • Metalanguage 


Levels of linguistic analysis

  • Phonetics

  • Phonology

  • Morphology

  • Syntax - order of words

  • Semantics - words mean different things to different people 

  • Discourse

  • All influence each other


11/5 - Technology and Culture in Society


Types of Societies

  • Sociologists classify societies according to subsistence strategies or the ways societies use technology to meet the needs of their members. Sociologists recognize three broad categories of society - preindustrial, industrial and postindustrial


Preindustrial Societies


The largest groups studied by sociologists are entire societies. Sociologists categorize societies according to subsistence strategies. In a preindustrial society food production is the main economic activity


Hunter Gather Societies

  • Collect wild plants daily

  • Hunt for wild animals

  • Move constantly

  • Rarely exceed 100 members

  • Family is main social unit

Pastoral Societies

  • Rely on domesticated animals

  • Lead a nomadic life

  • Fewer people produce food

  • Complex division of labor 

  • Produce some items for trade

Horticultural Societies

  • Grow fruits and vegetables in garden plots

  • Use slash-and-burn techniques

  • Move to a new plot when old becomes barren 

  • builds semipermanent or permanent villages

  • Village size depends on amount of land for farming

  • Division of labor creates specialized roles

  • Economic and political systems more developed because of the settled life

Agricultural Societies

  • Animals are used to plow fields

  • Irrigation increases crop yields 

  • Many members are able to engage in specialized roles

  • Cities are formed

  • Leaders are often hereditary

  • Marked by powerful armies and the construction of roads

  • Abandon bartering in order to make trade easier

    • Use currency 

  • Power often unequally distributed


What two developments changed life in preindustrial societies?

  1. Domestication of plants and animals introduction of plows pulled by animals


Industrial Societies


In an industrial society:

  • Production of food shifts to production of manufactured goods

  • Production moves from human and animal labor to machines

  • Increases food production and population

  • Numbers and kinds of jobs increase

  • Location of world changes to cities, away from the home

  • Social processes such as education take the place of family


How does industrialization lead to urbanization


Use of centralized power sources ( water steam) movies production from home to factories; cities form as homes cluster around factories and  other businesses, such as stores, are started to move to …


Postindustrial Societies 

  • Economic emphasis is on creation and exchange of information and services instead of manufacturing goods

  • United States is a postindustrial society

  • Standard of living improves

  • Education and science are important

  • Technological advances seen as key


On what economic activity are postindustrial societies 

Information based services 


Contrasting Societies 


Preindustrial Societies 

  • Held together by mechanical solidarity’societal relationships based on values

  • Gemeinschaft

    • Group ties are strong and close relationships

  • Strong sense of group solidarity 

  • Traditional values are strong


Industrial Societies

  • Held together by organic solidarity

  • Societal relationships based on need

  • Gesellschaft

    • Based on need and are temporary

  • Relationships are impersonal and often temporary

  • Traditional values are week


The New Barter 


One major development of agricultural societies was the creation of a money system. This system replaced the idea of barter, but bartering has made a comeback


  • As many as 450,000 companies barter in America today

  • They trade goods and services through a “barter exchange”

  • Barter exchanges make money on barter transactions 


  • Computer technology makes bartering easier

  • Barter allows companies to buy goods or services without using cash

  • Rapid growth of bartering is changing the economy of the United States


Guanio-Uluru


Posthumanism

  • Species boundaries

    • Animals

    • Plants

    • Cyborgification

  • Problematization of binaries: child v. adult, gender v. postracialism, hero vs. antihero/villain, nature v. modernity 

  • Transhumanism

    • One human to another

Techno-skepticism

  • Ethics v. morals 

    • Ethics: considerations of the future, can be cold, is it worth it, science behind something

    • Morals: personal


Hunger Games, Tech, and politricks

neologisms


  • “Plucked bird, ready for roasting”

  • Eagles

  • Jabberjays

  • Mockingjays

  • Mockingbirds (allegory)

  • Grooslings

  • Turkey 

  • Phoenix

  • “The caged birds sings:” Where does this phrase come from

  • Lucy Gray Birds

  • Lenore Dove

  • Hybrid language: Covey (couvee); avox (aves)

  • Does Collins have an obsession?