NETWORKING

🌐 NETWORKING – MINI STUDY GUIDE

🔹 1. What is a Computer Network?

A computer network is a group of computers and devices connected together to communicate and share resources.

💡 Example:

Internet = biggest network
School WiFi = small network

📌 From page 1:

It connects computers to facilitate communication between resources

🧠 Real Talk:

“Networking is basically how devices talk to each other—parang GC ng mga computers.”

🔹 2. Requirements for Network Access

Before ka makaconnect sa network, kailangan mo muna ng:

📡 1. Network Interface

Hardware that connects you to the network
Examples:
- Ethernet (wired)
- WiFi card (wireless)

💡 Think:

“Ito yung ‘adapter’ mo papunta sa internet.”

⚙ 2. Network Services

Software/services that allow networking to work
Includes:
- Network service (main)
- Firewall
- Authentication
- File sharing

📶 3. Network-Broadcast Devices

These are the devices that manage data flow:

Device	Function
Hub	Sends data to ALL devices
Switch	Sends data to ONE specific device
Router	Routes data between networks
Gateway	Connects different types of networks

📌 From page 1 explanation

🧠 Memory Trick:

👉 “H-S-R-G” = Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway

🔥 Real-life Analogy:

Hub = “Group chat spam” (lahat nakakakita 😭)
Switch = “Private message”
Router = “Traffic enforcer”
Gateway = “Translator between networks”

🔹 3. TCP/IP Model (4 Layers)

Ito yung core ng networking—super important 👀

🧱 1. Network Interface Layer

Handles sending/receiving data from hardware

💡 “Physical connection level”

🌍 2. Internet Layer

Responsible for:

Addressing
Routing

Key Protocols:

Protocol	Function
IP	Addressing & routing
ARP	Converts IP → hardware address
ICMP	Error reporting & diagnostics
IGMP	Manages multicast groups

📌 From page 1 details

🚚 3. Transport Layer

Handles data delivery

Protocol	Function
TCP	Reliable (with error checking)
UDP	Faster but less reliable

💡 Real talk:

TCP = “sure delivery” (slow but safe)
UDP = “bahala na delivery” (fast but risky)

💻 4. Application Layer

Used by apps to communicate

Protocol	Function
HTTP	Web browsing
FTP	File transfer
SMTP	Email sending
Telnet	Remote login

🧠 Memory Trick:

👉 “NITA”

Network
Internet
Transport
Application

🔹 4. Other Important Protocols

From page 2:

Protocol	Purpose
DNS	Converts domain → IP
RIP	Routing info sharing
SNMP	Network monitoring

📌 These help manage networks efficiently

🧠 Real-life:

DNS = “contact list ng internet”
RIP = “Google Maps for routers”
SNMP = “network CCTV”

🔹 5. Networking Commands (Linux)

Ito yung tools mo sa terminal 🔥

📡 Basic Commands

Command	Function
ping	Checks if a host is reachable
traceroute / tracepath	Shows path of packets
ip	Shows/manages network settings
netstat	Shows connections & stats
ftp	File transfer
wget	Download files
ssh	Remote login

📌 From page 2 command list

💡 Examples (From Handout Screenshots)

🧪 ping

Sends ICMP request
Checks connection

👉 Page 2 shows multiple replies with time (ms)

🧪 tracepath

Shows route of packets step-by-step

👉 Useful for debugging slow networks

🧪 ip

Displays IP address and interface details

🧪 netstat

Shows:
- connections
- routing tables

🧪 wget

Downloads files from internet

👉 Page 3 example shows downloading a webpage file

🧠 Easy Memory:

👉 “PTIN-FWS”

Ping
Trace
IP
Netstat
FTP
Wget
SSH

🔥 FINAL RECAP (Memory Hacks)

🧠 1. Network Basics

👉 Network = communication system between devices

🧠 2. Devices

👉 H-S-R-G

Hub (all)
Switch (one)
Router (routes)
Gateway (connects networks)

🧠 3. TCP/IP Layers

👉 NITA

Network
Internet
Transport
Application

🧠 4. TCP vs UDP

TCP = reliable
UDP = fast

🧠 5. Commands

👉 “PTIN-FWS”

🧠 FINAL TL;DR (Exam Mode)

Networking = devices communicating
Hub vs Switch = broadcast vs targeted
TCP/IP = 4 layers (NITA)
TCP reliable, UDP fast
Commands = ping, trace, ip, netstat, ftp, wget, ssh