Untitled Flashcards Set

Basic Computer Concepts and Terminology

1. Introduction to Computers and Information Technology

  • A computer is an electronic device that processes input data and produces output information.

  • Information Technology (IT) involves using computers to store, retrieve, and transmit data.

  • Communication Technology includes telecommunication tools like radios and telephones that facilitate data access.

  • Information and Communication Technology (ICT) covers all electronic technologies used in processing and communicating data, including the internet and mobile systems.

2. Components of a Computer System

  • Hardware: The physical components of a computer (e.g., monitor, keyboard, mouse, processor).

  • Software: Programs that instruct the computer on how to operate.

  • Main Functions of a Computer:

    • Input: Entering data

    • Processing: Manipulating data

    • Storage: Saving data or information

    • Output: Producing information

  • Data vs. Information:

    • Data: Raw facts

    • Information: Processed data that holds meaning

3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Computers

Advantages:

  • Speed: Processes large amounts of data quickly.

  • Reliability: Electronic components reduce errors.

  • Consistency: Produces accurate results when given correct input.

  • Storage Capacity: Stores vast amounts of data.

  • Communication: Facilitates connectivity among users.

Disadvantages:

  • Privacy Violations: Risk of data breaches.

  • Public Safety Concerns: Cyber threats and misuse.

  • Unemployment: Automation replacing human jobs.

  • Health Risks: Issues like eye strain and carpal tunnel syndrome due to prolonged use.

4. Factors to Consider When Purchasing a Computer

  • Cost

  • Physical Architecture

  • Storage Capacity

  • Processing Speed

  • Quality of Input and Output Devices

Keyboarding and Typing Skills

  • A keyboard is a peripheral device used for data entry.

  • Main Sections of a Keyboard:

    • Function Keys

    • Alphanumeric Keypad

    • Arrow Keys (Cursor Control)

    • Numeric Keypad

  • Home Keys:

    • Left Hand: A, S, D, F

    • Right Hand: J, K, L

  • Importance of Proper Typing Techniques:

    • Reduces fatigue

    • Prevents carpal tunnel syndrome and tendonitis

Introduction to Windows and Microsoft Word

Understanding Computer Hardware and Software

  • Key Components:

    • Computer Case

    • Monitor

    • Keyboard

    • Mouse

  • Desktop Environment:

    • The initial workspace after logging in, containing icons, menus, and dialog boxes.

Microsoft Word Overview

  • A word processing tool for creating and editing documents.

  • Basic Functions:

    • Entering, formatting, saving, retrieving, and printing documents.

  • Accessing Microsoft Word:

    • Click the Start button or press the Windows key.

Key Microsoft Word Features:

  • Title Bar: Displays document and program name.

  • Quick Access Toolbar: Contains frequently used commands (Save, Undo, Repeat).

  • Ribbon Interface: Introduced in Microsoft Office 2007, customizable for various tasks.

  • File Tab: Manages file operations (New, Open, Save, Print).

  • Home Tab: Provides text formatting options.

  • Insert Tab: Adds elements like tables and images.

  • Layout Tab: Adjusts page and document formatting.

Microsoft Word Formatting Guide

Changing Line Spacing

  1. Select text.

  2. Go to Home Tab > Click Line and Paragraph Spacing.

  3. Choose spacing:

    • Single Spacing: Compact format.

    • 1.5 Spacing: Balances readability and compactness.

    • Double Spacing: Ideal for academic documents.

Changing Text Alignment

  1. Select text.

  2. Go to Home Tab > Choose an alignment option:

    • Left: Default alignment.

    • Center: Common for titles.

    • Right: Used for aligning dates.

    • Justified: Aligns text evenly on both margins.

Document Formatting Guide

  • Margins: Set to 1 inch (2.54 cm).

  • Orientation: Portrait.

  • Paper Size: Letter.

  • Paragraph Spacing: 0pt before and after, single-line spacing.

  • Headers & Footers: Include user’s name and document title.

  • Font: Times New Roman or Calibri, size 12.

Types of Computers

1. Supercomputers

  • Fastest and most expensive (costing over millions).

  • Used for scientific research and military applications.

  • Require special cooling and backup power.

2. Mainframe Computers

  • Handle multiple tasks for many users.

  • Used by large organizations (banks, airlines).

  • Require trained personnel and climate-controlled rooms.

3. Personal Computers (PCs)

  • Affordable and versatile for office work, CAD, and internet use.

  • Stationary and not designed for mobility.

4. Laptops

  • Portable with built-in keyboard and touchpad.

  • Offers similar power as PCs but requires charging.

5. Netbooks

  • Small, lightweight, and energy-efficient.

  • Designed for basic tasks with longer battery life.

6. Tablet Computers

  • Touchscreen devices for applications and internet access.

  • Utilize flash memory for storage.

7. Smartphones

  • Evolved mobile devices with GPS, sensors, and apps.

Important Input Devices

  • Keyboard: For text input.

  • Mouse: Controls cursor movements.

  • Joystick: Used for gaming and CAD.

  • Light Pen: Selects/draws on screens.

  • Touchpad: Cursor movement on laptops.

  • Scanner: Converts images to digital format.

  • Touch Screen: Responds to finger taps.

  • Microphone: Captures sound input.

  • Biometric Systems: Uses fingerprints or retina scans for security.

  • Webcam: Captures live video.

Storage and Memory: SSD vs. HDD & DRAM

  • Solid-State Drive (SSD):

    • Uses flash memory, faster and more durable than HDDs.

    • Common in modern laptops and desktops.

  • Hard Disk Drive (HDD):

    • Uses spinning disks, cheaper with larger capacities.

    • Still used for extensive data storage.

  • Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM):

    • Volatile memory storing active files for quick access.

    • Enhances processor efficiency.