Comprehensive Guide to English Pronouns

Definitive Language School: English Pronouns (Местоимения в английском языке)

• This document provides a comprehensive overview of the different categories of English pronouns as presented by the Definitive Language School.
• Focus is placed on five primary categories: Subject Pronouns, Object Pronouns, Possessive Adjectives, Possessive Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns.

Subject Pronouns (Субъектные местоимения)

• Function: These pronouns function as the subject of the sentence, representing the person or thing performing the action.
• Grammatical Question: These pronouns answer the questions "Who?" or "What?" (Кто? Что?).
• List of Subject Pronouns:
  • $1-9$: Corresponding to the Russian "Я" (Note: Transcribed per source material).
  • $you$: Corresponding to the Russian "ты" (Second person singular).
  • $he$: Corresponding to "он" (Third person masculine).
  • $she$: Corresponding to "она" (Third person feminine).
  • $it$: Corresponding to "оно" (Third person neuter).
  • $we$: Corresponding to "мы" (First person plural).
  • $you$: Corresponding to "вы" (Second person plural).
  • $they$: Corresponding to "они" (Third person plural).

Object Pronouns (Объектные местоимения)

• Function: These pronouns function as the object of a verb or a preposition.
• Grammatical Question: They answer various object questions including "Whom?", "What?", "To whom?", "To what?", "By whom?", and "By what?" (Кого? Что? Кому? Чему? Кем? Чем?).
• List of Object Pronouns:
  • $me$: First person singular.
  • $you$: Second person singular.
  • $him$: Third person masculine.
  • $her$: Third person feminine.
  • $it$: Third person neuter.
  • $US$: First person plural (Transcribed as written in source).
  • $you$: Second person plural.
  • $them$: Third person plural.

Possessive Adjectives (Притяжательные прилагательные)

• Function: These are used to indicate ownership or possession and must be placed before a noun (перед сущ.).
• Grammatical Question: They answer "Whose?" (Чей? Чья? Чье? Чьи?).
• List of Possessive Adjectives:
  • $my$: My.
  • $your$: Your (Singular).
  • $his$: His.
  • $her$: Her.
  • $its$: Its.
  • $our$: Our.
  • $your$: Your (Plural).
  • $their$: Their.

Possessive Pronouns (Притяжательные местоимения)

• Function: These also indicate ownership but are used independently, often found at the end of a sentence (в конце предлож.) and not followed by a noun.
• Grammatical Question: They answer "Whose?" (Чей? Чья? Чье? Чьи?).
• List of Possessive Pronouns:
  • $mine$: Mine.
  • $yours$: Yours (Singular).
  • $his$: His.
  • $hers$: Hers.
  • $its$: Its.
  • $ours$: Ours.
  • $yours$: Yours (Plural).
  • $theirs$: Theirs.

Reflexive Pronouns (Возвратные местоимения)

• Function: These pronouns are used when the object refers back to the subject of the clause.
• Meaning: They correspond to the Russian concept of "себя" (self).
• List of Reflexive Pronouns:
  • $myself$: Refers to $1-9$.
  • $yourself$: Refers to $you$ (Singular).
  • $himself$: Refers to $he$.
  • $herself$: Refers to $she$.
  • $itself$: Refers to $it$.
  • $ourselves$: Refers to $we$.
  • $yourselves$: Refers to $you$ (Plural).
  • $themselves$: Refers to $they$.

Summary of Personal Pronoun Forms

• First Person Singular:

  • Subject: $1-9$
  • Object: $me$
  • Possessive Adjective: $my$
  • Possessive Pronoun: $mine$
  • Reflexive: $myself$

• Second Person Singular (ты):

  • Subject: $you$
  • Object: $you$
  • Possessive Adjective: $your$
  • Possessive Pronoun: $yours$
  • Reflexive: $yourself$

• Third Person Singular (he - он):

  • Subject: $he$
  • Object: $him$
  • Possessive Adjective: $his$
  • Possessive Pronoun: $his$
  • Reflexive: $himself$

• Third Person Singular (she - она):

  • Subject: $she$
  • Object: $her$
  • Possessive Adjective: $her$
  • Possessive Pronoun: $hers$
  • Reflexive: $herself$

• Third Person Singular (it - оно):

  • Subject: $it$
  • Object: $it$
  • Possessive Adjective: $its$
  • Possessive Pronoun: $its$
  • Reflexive: $itself$

• First Person Plural (we - мы):

  • Subject: $we$
  • Object: $US$
  • Possessive Adjective: $our$
  • Possessive Pronoun: $ours$
  • Reflexive: $ourselves$

• Second Person Plural (you - вы):

  • Subject: $you$
  • Object: $you$
  • Possessive Adjective: $your$
  • Possessive Pronoun: $yours$
  • Reflexive: $yourselves$

• Third Person Plural (they - они):

  • Subject: $they$
  • Object: $them$
  • Possessive Adjective: $their$
  • Possessive Pronoun: $theirs$
  • Reflexive: $themselves$