Science Second Quarter Exam Study Guide

Exam Information and Logistics

• Subject: 7-A (SCIENCE)

• Level: Second Quarter Exam

• Date: July $17$, de $2026$

• Professor: Prof. Lourdes de Pérez

• Required Testing Supplies:

  • Every student must bring two black or blue pens.

  • Exactly two pencils.

  • One eraser.

  • Important Note: No calculators are permitted during the examination.

  • Policy: Students are strictly forbidden from requesting school supplies from peers or the instructor during the exam session.

• Critical Study Skills:

  • Students must read and study all designated textbook pages.

  • Students must practice mathematical simplification, as a math problem will be included on the exam regarding population limits.

Organs and Organ Systems Identification

• The Digestive System: Includes identification and functions as detailed on pages $95$, $98$, $99$, $100$, $102$, and $103$.

• The Respiratory System: Includes identification and functions as detailed on pages $112-113$.

• The Circulatory System: Includes identification and functions as detailed on pages $107$ to $109$.

Main Nutrients

• Carbohydrates: Primary source of energy, covered on pages $96-97$.

• Proteins: Necessary for growth and repair of body tissues.

• Fats: Concentrated energy sources and structural components of cells.

• Vitamins: Essential organic compounds needed for metabolic functions.

• Minerals: Inorganic elements necessary for structural and physiological processes.

• Water: Vital for all biological processes and solvent for chemical reactions.

Patterns for Reproduction and Inheritance

• Modes of Reproduction (Pages $141$ to $143$):

  • Sexual Reproduction: Involves the fusion of gametes.

  • Asexual Reproduction: Involves a single parent producing offspring.

  • Comparative Analysis: Students should be able to compare and contrast various types of reproduction as seen on page $143$.

• Inherited Traits (Pages $144$ to $146$): Study of characteristics passed from parents to offspring.

• Genes and the Environment (Pages $147, 148$): Examination of how environmental factors interact with genetic makeup to influence organism development and traits.

Plant Structures and Lifecycle

• Plant Reproduction (Page $151$): General mechanisms of how plants propagate.

• Plant Life Cycles (Pages $152, 153$): The developmental stages of a plant from germination to seed production.

• Structures for Reproduction (Pages $154$ to $156$): Specialized anatomical parts of the plant involved in the reproductive process.

Living Things and the Environment

• Organisms and Habitats (Page $195$): The relationship between specific living things and the places where they live.

• Biotic and Abiotic Factors (Page $196$):

  • Biotic: Living components of an ecosystem.

  • Abiotic: Non-living components (e.g., temperature, water, sunlight).

• Ecosystem Organization (Page $197$): The hierarchical levels beginning from individual organisms to populations, communities, and full ecosystems.

• Populations (Pages $198, 199$): Groups of the same species living in a specific area.

• Factors that Limit Population Growth (Page $200$):

  • Study of constraints such as food availability, space, and predators.

  • Includes "math situations" where students must apply numerical reasoning to population changes.