APUSH Study Guide: Ch 20-23 Foner

New Immigration

  • Numbers increased, driven by push (e.g., poverty) and pull (e.g., opportunity) factors.
  • Led to immigration restriction and nativism.

Mass Culture, Consumerism, and Urbanization

  • Growth of mass culture and consumerism.
  • Increased leisure time activities.

Cultural Conflicts

  • Fundamentalism vs. Modernism.
  • Urban vs. rural tensions, culture wars.
  • Prohibition and the Scopes Trial.

New Amendments

  • 18th Amendment (Prohibition), 19th Amendment (Women's Suffrage), 20th Amendment (Presidential Terms), 21st Amendment (Repeal of Prohibition).

Gender Roles

  • Feminism, birth control movement, 19th Amendment.
  • The emergence of the Flapper figure; women in the workplace.

Labor and Socialism

  • Eugene V. Debs and the rise of Socialism.
  • Developments in the Labor Movement.

World War I

  • Initial U.S. neutrality, eventual entry into the war.
  • Impact on the homefront: propaganda, Espionage and Sedition Acts.
  • Wilson's 14 Points, Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations (U.S. non-participation).

Civil Rights Movement

  • Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B. DuBois, NAACP.
  • The Great Migration and Harlem Renaissance.
  • Race riots (1919, Tulsa 1921), lynching, and the Second KKK.

Great Depression

  • Causes of the Great Depression.
  • Hoover's response: Smoot-Hawley Tariff, Reconstruction Finance Corporation.

FDR and the New Deal

  • Purpose/goal: Relief, Reform, Recovery.
  • Examples of programs for each category.
  • Response to the Banking Crisis.
  • Critics: Huey Long, Father Coughlin.
  • Shortcomings: excluded groups, uneven impact.

Dust Bowl

  • Causes and impacts of the Dust Bowl.

World War II

  • Isolationism vs. Interventionism: Nye Commission, America First Committee, Neutrality Acts.
  • Key events: "Quarantine Speech,” “Cash and Carry,” “Great Arsenal of Democracy,” Lend-Lease Act, Atlantic Charter.
  • Trade embargo with Japan and the attack on Pearl Harbor.

American Ideology and Mobilization

  • Reasons for war, contest between ideologies.
  • Japanese wartime atrocities and Nazi concentration camps/Holocaust.
  • Mobilization efforts: economic and social impact, productivity.
  • Opportunities for women and minorities.
  • Challenges to civil liberties: internment of Japanese Americans.
  • Debate over the use of the atomic bomb.

Postwar

  • Peace settlements: Bretton Woods, Yalta, Potsdam.
  • Role of the U.S. in the postwar world: economic status, creation of the United Nations.

Early Cold War

  • Origins of the Cold War: Competing ideologies, postwar tensions.
  • Key concepts: NATO, Warsaw Pact, The Long Telegram, "containment,” Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the “Iron Curtain,” NSC-68.
  • Early areas of conflict: Iran, Berlin Airlift, Greece and Turkey, fall of China, Korean War.
  • Impact on popular culture.

Truman Presidency

  • Fair Deal.
  • Civil Rights: desegregation of military, Dixiecrats, impact of Cold War on civil rights.

Fighting Communism at Home

  • McCarthyism, HUAC, Hollywood Ten, Taft-Hartley Act, McCarran-Walter Act, critics of McCarthyism.