CW summative flashcards
NATURE AND ELEMENTS OF CREATIVE WRITING
Creative Writing:
Highly distinctive due to creative word play.
Encompasses all forms of creative writing.
Evocative; shows emotion.
Includes exposition, conflict, and resolution.
Academic Writing
Uses formal language
Highlight objective
Includes citations and other textual references to indicate scholarly research
Technical Writing
Commonly focuses on procedures
Uses formal and technical language
Specifically used in some industries (manual, standard operating procedures, handbook, etc.)
Goals and purposes of creative writing:
Keeps records of significant details and experiences.
Share an experience to a specific audience.
Serves as a form of therapy.
Elements of creative writing:
Image
Voice
World
Story
IMAGERY
Why is imagery important in a creative text?
An image can be something we feel invited to walk around and view from different angles.
The audience or reader needs to feel actively involved in the construction of meaning.
The whole point of images is their drama: the way they provoke our active, imaginative involvement.
Diction:
Proper selection of words in a literary work.
Reveals the drama in the text.
Two components of imagery:
Imagery
Figurative language
Types of imagery
Auditory: Hearing
Gustotatory: Taste
Kinetic: Movement
Olfactory: Smell
Tactile: Touch
Visual: Pictures
Thermal: Temperature
All can be considered visual but visual has no movement or focus.
Erotic: Desire
WORLD FROM STORY
World:
It makes the readers share, care about, and appreciate the actions and events that happen within its borders.
You have to make the readers believe the experiences are “human”
Show the readers, but don’t tell the readers.
Keys to creating a realistic world:
Imagination
Research
Story:
Recreates, enacts, and doesn’t simply state or tell.
Makes the reader feel the impact.
How does the story become evident in a text?
It produces actions.
Passes right before our eyes through circumstances.
It moves us into a world becoming extraordinary.
Keys to integrating story:
Set it down, move it forward.
Keep it dynamic.
VOICE
Voice:
The distinct sound you hear while reading a text.
Commonly seen in poetry
Represents the images that need to be highlighted.
Generated by what you want to write about.
Writer’s voice represents their stance.
Relevance of voice:
Engages with the text sympathetically.
Connects with the text’s verbal energy.
ELEMENTS OF POETRY
Assonance
Takes place when two or more words close to one another repeat the same vowel sound but start with different consonant sounds.
Example: He gives his harness bells a shake…” ~ Robert Frost, “Stopping by the woods…”
Alliteration
Is a stylistic device in which a number of words, having the same first consonant sound, occur close together in a series.
An important point to remember here is that alliteration does not depend on letters but on sounds. So the phrase not knotty is alliterative, but cigarette chase is not.
Consonance
Is the repetition of the same consonant sound in rapid succession anywhere in the word or sentence. Consonance can occur at the middle, or end of a word.
Example: Fred wondered why the road wound to a jagged end.
Onomatopoeia
Uses sounds from nature or the environment, usually animal sounds, as regular words in a sentence.
Example: He could hardly sleep that night, so he ended up counting each tick of the clock.
Rhyme
Is the repetition of the same stressed vowel sounds and any succeeding sounds in two or more words within a line or stanza of a poem.
Types of Rhymes:
End Rhyme:
Rhyming of the final words of lines in a poem.
Example:
Under my window, a clean rasping sound, when the spade sinks into gravelly ground.
Internal Rhyme:
Rhyming of two words within the same line of poetry.
Example:
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore.
Eye Rhyme:
Rhymes look the same but which are actually pronounced differently – for example “bough” and “rough”.
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
Simile. In this figure of speech, two unlike things are directly compared, and are introduced by words such as like, so, as.
Example: “Listening to her report was like watching grass grow.”
Metaphor. Similar to simile, but in metaphor the comparison is implied because it does not use words such as like, so, as.
Example: “Though adopted, their daughter proved to be the star of their family.”
Personification. In personification, human-like attributes are used to describe inanimate objects or abstract notions.
Example: “An unforgiving cold blanketed the city.”
Metonymy. Metonymy substitutes a name for the thing or item meant. Some common metonymy expressions include “Lend me your ears” where ears refer to an audience or attention. Another is, “Give me a hand” where "hand” means ‘help or assistance.’
Apostrophe. This figure of speech is a direct address or call to some inanimate object or some abstract idea as if it were a living person or some absent person as if it were present.
Example: “Hope! Where are you? Why have you deserted our land?”
Hyperbole. A hyperbole is a figure of speech that uses exaggeration to emphasize comparison in a sentence.
Example: “The dishwashers were welcomed by towers of plates after the wedding reception.”
Synecdoche. Synecdoche is a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to signify the whole, or vice-versa.
Example: “Malacañang earlier approved the increase in teacher’s salaries.” (In this example, Malacañang is used to represent the president of the Philippines and his office.)
Transferred epithet. This is a figure of speech in which a modifier (usually an adjective) describes a noun other than the person or object it is actually describing.
Say for example, “Sara has an unhappy marriage.” Marriage can neither be happy or unhappy because it is not capable of feelings. However, in this example, Sara and her husband could be unhappy. It is then a transferred epithet: It transfers the modifier, “unhappy,” to the word “marriage.”
Antithesis. In antithesis, a glaring contrast of words is made in the same sentence for emphasis.
An example would be the words uttered by Neil Armstrong the moment he stepped on the Moon: “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”
Oxymoron. It is a figure of speech which combines two opposing or incongruous words in one phrase/sentence for emphasis.
An example of this use would be the phrases “wise fool” or “deafening silence.”
Litotes. Litotes is a figure of speech in which a negative statement is used to affirm or declare a positive statement or sentiment.
Example: “The field trip was fine, though. It wasn’t a terrible trip.”
Onomatopoeia. This figure of speech uses sounds from nature or the environment, usually animal sounds, as regular words in a sentence.
Examples: “A loud thud was heard from the room above theirs.”
“They listened as raindrops pitter patter on the roof.”