Macromolecules

Macromolecules

Macromolecules are large complex molecules that are essential for life. They are primarily categorized into four main groups:

1. Carbohydrates

   • Monomer: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose)

   • Polymer: Polysaccharides (e.g., starch, glycogen, cellulose)

   • Function: Provide energy; serve as structural components in cells.

2. Proteins

   • Monomer: Amino acids

   • Polymer: Polypeptides

   • Function: Catalyze biochemical reactions (enzymes), provide structural support, and aid in transportation within cells.

3. Lipids

   • Monomer: Fatty acids and glycerol

   • Polymer: Triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids

   • Function: Store energy, make up cell membranes, and act as signaling molecules.

4. Nucleic Acids

   • Monomer: Nucleotides

   • Polymer: DNA and RNA

   • Function: Store and transmit genetic information; play roles in protein synthesis.