Epidemiology 100 Class Notes

  • Course Overview of EPI 100

    • Introduction to epidemiology: basic concepts, principles, and methods for research

    • Emphasis on epidemiological measures and study designs

    • Focus on specialty areas within epidemiology

  • Instructor and Contact Information

    • Instructor: Marjan Javanbakht, MPH, PhD

    • Email: javan@ucla.edu

    • Teaching Assistants:

    • Phoebe Lu (phoebelu@ucla.edu)

    • Eden Moore (edenmoore@ucla.edu)

    • Naira Setrakian (nairas293@g.ucla.edu)

    • Office Hours:

    • Marjan: Friday 10-11 am

    • Phoebe: Thursday 10-11 am

    • Eden: Tuesday 10-11 am

    • Naira: Monday 11-12 pm

  • Course Requirements and Materials

    • Participation in Bruin One and UCLA Inclusive Access programs

    • Class attendance not mandatory, except for exams

  • Assessment Breakdown

    • Quizzes (40%): Six quizzes total, lowest two scores dropped

    • In-class assignments (20%): Five assignments, due at the end of class

    • Homework (40%): Four major assignments with no late submissions allowed after the key is released

    • Extra Credit (up to 5%): In-class opportunities

  • Late Assignment and Make-Up Policies

    • Worksheets due end of class with a 11:59 PM submission policy for same day late work

    • Homework within 24 hours incurs a 50% penalty; no acceptance after that

    • Make-up quizzes will not be provided; missed quizzes count as drops

  • What is Epidemiology?

    • Study of disease patterns, not limited to individual cases

    • Not limited to specific fields; encompasses various health issues including chronic diseases and mental health

  • Definitions of Epidemiology Over Time

    • 1927: Science of infective diseases

    • 1943: Focus on group behavior rather than individual responses

    • 1974: Study of distribution and determinants of diseases and injuries in populations

    • 1995: Application of findings to control health issues

  • Key Uses of Epidemiology

    • Outbreak investigations; termed as "disease detectives"

    • Surveillance: Ongoing collection and analysis of disease data to guide public health decisions

    • Studies on incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for diseases

    • Measures of association (odds ratios, relative risk) to identify disease causes

  • Core Descriptors in Epidemiology

    • Person: Characteristics of individuals affected by disease

    • Place: Geographic considerations and environmental factors

    • Time: Temporal patterns and trends of health issues

  • Incidence and Prevalence

    • Incidence: New cases of a disease within a specified time (e.g. Incidence=racNo.extofnewcasesPopulationextatriskIncidence = rac{No. ext{ of new cases}}{Population ext{ at risk}})

    • Prevalence: Existing cases at a specific time (e.g. Prevalence=racNo.extofexistingcasesPopulationextatriskPrevalence = rac{No. ext{ of existing cases}}{Population ext{ at risk}})

  • Historical Perspectives in Public Health

    • Hippocrates: Emphasized environmental factors in health

    • Avicenna: Early suggestions about contagion and quarantine practices

    • John Graunt: Pioneer in public health statistics, population analysis

    • William Farr: Vital statistics and cholera studies leading to disease prevention insights

    • John Snow: Landmark cholera investigations leading to the identification of waterborne disease transmission

  • Case Study: John Snow's Cholera Investigation

    • Examined outbreaks in London; hypothesized contaminated water as cause

    • Utilized meticulous data collection and mapping to support hypothesis

    • His work established foundational principles for modern epidemiology

  • Epidemiological Methodology

    • Combination of historical data analysis and contemporary observational studies

    • Strategic focus on identifying exposures leading to health outcomes and associations between variables

  • Conclusion

    • Epidemiology interlinks complex health factors and is essential for effective public health practice and interventions.