Mason Durie Futy]ure Launching

Title: Ngā kāhui pou launching Māori futures
Author: Mason Durie
First Published: 2003 by Huia Publishers
ISBN: 1-877283-98-3
Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without permission from the publisher.
Cataloguing: National Library of New Zealand
Cover Image: Shane Cotton, "Aria 2003", acrylic on canvas.
Photograph by: Michael Roth

List of Tables
Acknowledgements
Introduction
1. Whānau Development and Māori Survival: The Challenge of Time
2. Maui Pomare: First Māori Doctor
3. Paiheretia: An Integrated Approach to Counselling
4. Imprisonment, Trapped Lifestyles, and Strategies for Freedom
5. Kaumātuatanga Reciprocity: Older Māori and Whānau
6. Contemporary Māori Development: Issues and Broad Directions
7. A Framework for Considering Constitutional Change and the Position of Māori in Aotearoa
8. Māori in Governance: Parliament, Statutory Recognition, and the State Sector
9. Te Pae Māhutonga: Mental Health Promotion for Young Māori
10. Māori Health: Key Determinants for the Next Twenty-five Years
11. Parliamentary Devolution and Māori Self-Governance
12. A Strategic Framework for Addressing the Impact of Diabetes on Indigenous Peoples

The term Māori development cannot be restricted to contemporary times; it has evolved over more than a century.
Codification of Māori development: Started in 1984 Hui Taumata (Māori Economic Summit).
Four phases of Māori development identified since 1900, built on earlier progress, responding to specific threats and opportunities.

Context: By 1900, Māori population was around 43,000 due to historic depopulation, high childhood mortality rates, and considerable land alienation (only 4.5 million hectares remaining of 27 million).
Objectives: Initially focused on survival rather than development. Two Māori plans emerged:
- Adaptation approach: Advocated integration into Western society while retaining Māori identity (leaders: Ngata, Pomare, Buck).
- Sovereignty approach: Emphasized Māori control, autonomy, and potential rejection of Western dependency, proposing a focus on Māori identity (example: Rua Kenana).
Government response: Supported adaptation approach, established the Māori Councils Act of 1900.

Focus: Land development viewed as salvation; Ngata implemented schemes to benefit Māori farmers.
Key figures: Ngata and Te Puea Herangi promoted rural economy.
Challenges: Great Depression affected Māori significantly, leading to high unemployment and poverty. Ratana emerged as a key figure advocating for Māori welfare amidst legislative changes (government guaranteed a minimum level of welfare).
World War II Impact: Increased Māori engagement with the Crown; establishment of the Department of Māori Affairs, reinforcing dependency on state support.

Shift: Post-WWII economic pressures forced Māori to urbanize as whānau farming became unsustainable.
Outcomes: Close living conditions between Māori and Pākehā, although it fostered tensions and social issues; a new Māori working class emerged predominantly in low-paid labor.
Concerns: Urbanization led to poor living conditions and diminished cultural identity.

Historical context: Whina Cooper's land march marked a renewed focus on Treaty of Waitangi; the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975 facilitated recognition of Māori grievances.
Development goals: Economic self-sufficiency, social equity, cultural affirmation; challenges around resource distribution among iwi and response to Treaty claims became prominent.
Government response: Shift from Māori Affairs Department to focus on reducing disparities across all departments.

Māori-Crown Relationships: Current framework focuses on claims rather than mutual cooperation; calls for a shift from adversarial negotiating to collaborative relations.
- Importance of the Treaty: Addressing the Crown-Māori relationship is essential for future development benefits.
Intra-Māori Relationships: Significant fragmentation among Māori organizations limits collaborative potential; historical grievances contribute to present competitiveness.
Economic Development: A limitation on reliance on commodities; need to invest in knowledge economy and capitalize on Māori human capital.

Access to Society and Economy: Aim for equitable treatment of Māori and effective participation in broader society while retaining unique Māori identity.

Future Orientation: Move beyond grievances; emphasize evolving Māori knowledge and present perspectives.
Inclusiveness: Recognize diversity within Māori society, avoid creating divisive classifications.
Cooperation: Foster collaboration over competition within Māori organizations.
Value Added Principle: Focus on improving Māori lives instead of merely eliminating disparities.

Investment: Significant investments necessary for positive Māori development, emphasizing collaborative foresight into future markets.
Research and Planning: Development of dedicated research on local Māori development rather than just historical injustices.
Strategic Relationships: Build networks with state, private sectors, and international interests to enhance Māori self-governance and capacity.

Reinforcement of Māori self-governance and future-focused relationships with the Crown must be established, moving beyond past grievances towards collaborative developments and partnerships both locally and globally.