APHUG 2.2

Calculating Population Density

Arithmetic - $\frac{People}{Area}$

Physiological - $\frac{People}{Arable\ Land}$

Important because related to carrying capacity - ability of a land of a country to support its population

Agricultural - $\frac{Farmers}{Arable\ Land}$

Arable Land - land that can be farmed on - does not mean is currently being farmed on

Malthusian Theory - (Thomas Matthews - 1798) resources go up linearly and population goes up exponentially

Point of Crisis - when population is higher than resources

Major Critics - Marxists/Socialists, Capitalists, Feminists, Libertarians, Human Rights Activists

ESPN - Economic, Social, Political, eNvironmental

Neo-Malthusian Theory - use of technology can increase food production, contraception and control population

Demographic Transition Model

Stage 1: High death and birth rates → low population, stable population, children needed for farming, disease and famine, high infant mortality rate

Stage 2: High birth rate, decreasing death rate, population increase, improvements in medical care, sanitation, and water supply

Stage 3: Lower birth rates, death rates decreasing slower, fewer children needed due to improved care and diet, population increase slows down, Industrial Revolution

Stage 4: Low birth rates, low deal rate, family planning, good health, women’s rights, stable population, good healthcare and reliable food supply, Post-Industrial Revolution → kids more expensive

Stage 5: Very low birth rate, low death rate, population slow decrease, Only country potentially in this category is Japan

Epidemiological Transition Model - part of/similar to Demographic Transition Model except looks at which diseases affect society most (Abdel Orman - 1971)

Pre- | Stage 1: Pestilence (Bacteria) and Famine

Early | Stage 2: Receding Pandemics

Late | Early Stage 3: Degenerative (Old diseases), and Man-Made Diseases (obesity, alcoholism)

Post- | Stage 4: Delayed Degenerative Diseases (Really Old diseases), and Emerging Infections (Antibiotic Resistant Infections) - Hybristic

Population Pyramid - way of showing population → separated by age and sex

Expanding - large base (pre-reproductive large base start becoming productive → increase in population)

Stable - Top and Bottom Equal (pre-reproductive and reproductive populations equal → stable population)

Declining - Top-heavy (small pre-reproductive base will have less children than current reproductive population → decreasing population)