Genes

Chromosomes: Structures found in living cells that carry genetic information

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): Each DNA molecule consists
of a long sequence of four chemical subunits called bases.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): Each DNA molecule consists of a long sequence of four chemical subunits called bases.

What are the four chemicals DNA Contains: Thymine, Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine

Gene: A small segment of DNA that codes for the
production of a particular protein

ribonucleic acid (RNA): a single-strand chemical coded by DNA (A repeated pattern of the DNA chemicals)

homozygous: having two identical genes for a given characteristic

heterozygous: having two unlike genes for a given trait

dominant Allele: Allele that shows a strong effect in either the homozygous or heterozygous condition

Resessive Alelle: Allele that shows a light effect in either the homozygous or heterozygous condition

Intermediate Allele: Both ressesive and dominant are mixed (dog with spots)

Phenotype: The set of observable characteristics of an individual

Passive GE-Correlation: An individuals genes will correlate with their early environment.

Evocative GE-Correlation: An individual’s genes influences the way that others respond to them.

Active GE-Correlation: An individual’s genes influences their selective attention to different aspects of the environment.

Epigenetics (Environment affects gene expression): The idea that our experience gets embedded into our genes that can get passed down (The rat fears the smell of sweets, which is genetically modified in their sperm which is then passed down)

(1)Neurogenesis: Proliferation of neurons through cell division

(2)Migration: Neurons migrating to where they need to be depending on the function that they will be preforming (The radial glial assists with this)

(3)Differentiation: Cell differentiates into a neuron (Forms dendrites, axon, synapses) 

(4)synaptogenesis: processes where the synapses are created and neurons are linked

(5)synaptic pruning: process where synapses are pruned or eliminated

• Remember the years on the slideshow for this stage

(6)Myelination: formation of the myelin sheath around the axon

Neurons do not regenerate: True

Stem cells: undifferentiated cells found in the interior of the brain that can generate into different glia or neurons

New research about neurons proves: we can regenerate neurons

Brain plasticity: brains capacity to be shaped by experiences

Experience-Expectant plasticity: Brain adapts in response to sensory information (certain parts of the brain expect certain stimuli)

Atypical Development (experience-Expectatnt plasticity): Regions associated with visual processing in blind children can become specialized for hearing processing for children who are deaf)