Key Concepts: Geometric Isomers, Functional Groups, and Bonding

Geometric isomers

  • Definition: Geometric isomers (cis/trans) are a type of stereoisomer defined by restricted rotation around a bond or in a ring.
  • Key terms: cis = same side; trans = opposite sides.

Functional groups

  • Definition: Functional groups are the main reactive sites that define a chemical class and govern reactivity.

Bonding and geometry

  • Triple bonds: count = 11.
  • Geometry: a molecule with a triple bond is linear.