Linux COL

Linux COL 

  • Linux fundamentals 

  • Question 1: Unix systems are characterized by a modular design that is sometimes called the, what? 

  • Unix philosophy 

  • Question 2: The Unix operating system should provide a set of simple tools known as, what? 

  • Core utils 

  • Question 3: What is the name of the GNU kernel? 

  • Linux 

  • Question 1: The POSIX shell is the same as which shell? 

  • Bourne Shell 

  • Question 2: What is the default shell on GNU/Linux? 

  • BASH 

  • Question 3: True or False: The CLI, terminal, and shell are just different names for the same thing. 

  • False 

  • Question 1: What is the root of the filesystem? 

  • / 

  • Question 2: What is the name of the user that lives in kernel land? 

  • root 

  • Question 3: What is the home directory of the root user? 

  • /root 

  • Question 4: What is the administrator on a Linux system? 

  • Sudo “super user do” (anyone able to run “sudo”) 

  • Question 1:  What is a device driver? 

  • Translation layer between OS to User 

  • Question 2: What are the two types of device drivers? 

  • User mode and kernel mode 

  • Question 1: Where are log files kept? 

  • /var/log 

  • Question 2: Where are system configuration files located? 

  • /etc 

  • Question 3: True or False - The /usr/bin directory contains required binaries. 

  • false 

  • Question 1: What is the ~ short for? 

  • Home directory of the user 

  • Question 2: What is a single dot short for? 

  • Current working directory 

  • Question 3: Where does the absolute path for a file or directory start? 

  • “ / “ 

  • Linux Internals 

  • Question 1: What is the fundamental interface between an application and the Linux kernel? 

  • System calls 

  • Question 2: What is the command to pull up system calls by number on a Linux machine? 

  • Ausyscall –dump  

  • Question 3: What is the name of the C library on GNU/Linux called? 

  • Glibc 

  • Question 1: What is the file type for executable files in Unix/Linux? 

  • elf 

  • Question 2: What is the GNU C library called? 

  • glibc 

  • Question 3: What does the mmap system call do? 

  • Map data to memory 

  • Question 1: True or False: A reboot is required when one installs a LKM? 

  • false 

  • Question 2: What is the command to list loaded kernel modules? 

  • lsmod 

  • Question 3: What does the .ko file extension stand for? 

  • Kernel object 

  • Question 1: What are some of the common arguments used with the ps command? 

  • Ef elf and aux 

  • Question 2: What is a type of process that runs in the background without any human interaction? 

  • Daemon 

  • Question 1: What are the three types of login shells? 

  • bash , gui, ssh 

  • Question 2: What shell actively reads commands from user input? 

  • Interactive shell 

  • Question 1: What argument is used with the "su" command to open a BASH login? 

  • - , -l, –login 

  • Question 2: What argument opens a BASH login with the "bash" command? 

  • Bash -l , bash –login 

  • Question 1: What is the restricted BASH shell called? 

  • rbash  

  • Question 1: What command is used to print environmental variables? 

  • env , printenv 

  • Question 2: What environmental variable is checked when we execute a command in the shell? 

  • The path 

  • Question 1: SSH's most notable applications are what? 

  • Remote login, command line execution 

  • Question 2: Name one file transfer protocol based on SSH. 

  • scp(secure copy) , sftp(secure file transfer protocol), rsync 

  • Authentication and Authorization 

  • What is an administrator account? 

  • Account to run commands as a root user 

  • What type of account do users like Apache have? 

  • Service accounts 

  • What type of accounts belong to users like sys or a daemon? 

  • System accounts 

  • What file contains user information? 

  • /etc/passwd 

  • Where are user password hashes stored? 

  • /etc/shadow 

  • Where are local user configurations stored? 

  • ~/.bashrc 

  • What restricts the rights and access of a user to the minimal amount required to perform their role? 

  • Principle of least privilege 

  • What element of user management says administrators of a system should not share accounts?  

  • Individual accounts 

  • What are some of the basics of password management? 

  • Require the password to be changed periodically, do not allow the reuse of old passwords, require that they be of some level of complexity 

  • Logs Auditing Software 

  • SystemV has run levels, what did SystemD migrate too? 

  • targets 

  • In SystemV Linux what is the centralized configuration File? 

  • /etc/inittab 

  • What is rsyslog? 

  • Improved faster syslog 

  • What command is used for querying systemd for logs, and has taken a good part of the old syslog? 

  • journalctl 

  • What command is used to edit the crontab? 

  • Crontab -e 

  • What is each field of the crontab? 

  • Minute, hour, day of the month, month of the year, day of week, script or command 

  • What is the Debian package manager called? 

  • apt 

  • A package is a container for ? 

  • Metadata 

  • Net services admin 

  • Question 1: What command is used to check network connectivity? 

  • Ping 

  • Question 2: What command is used to display the routing table? 

  • route 

  • Question 1: What information do you need to configure an IP address? 

  • Ip address, network mask, default gateway 

  • Question 2: What are three command line tools used to interact with Networkd? 

  • Networkctl nmtui, nmcli 

  • Question 3: The d after a process name ie Networkd stands for what? 

  • daemon 

  • Question 1: Samba’s functionality comes from what two protocols? 

  • SMB & CIFS 

  • Question 2: What does Samba do? 

  • Allows file and print sharing across OSs 

  • Question 1: Samba security modes are set in which file? 

  • SMB.comp 

  • Question 2: What are the two security modes in Samba? 

  • User and shared 

  • Question 1: What protocol does LDAP sit on top of? 

  • tcp/ip  

  • Question 2: What are two common implementations of LDAP? 

  • Active directory(AD) for windows and openLDAP for linux 

  • Question 1: The majority of Apache servers run on what system? 

  • linux 

  • Question 2: Where is the index.html file located? 

  • /var/www/html 

  • Question 1: What are the symbols used to denote request and response headers? 

  •  > “request” & < “response” 

  • Question 2: What code means everything worked correctly? 

  • 200 OK