INTEGRATIVE PROGRAMMING [PREFI]

Methods

• Definition: Group of statements that accomplish a specific task.

• Syntax: access_modifier return_type MethodName(parameter_list) { //statements }

• Components:

  • Access Modifier: Determines visibility (private/public). Default is private.

  • Return Type: Specifies if the method returns a value (e.g., int, void).

  • Method Name: Identifier for the method, case sensitive.

  • Parameter List: Defines required data types and order of parameters.

  • Method Body: Contains the logic enclosed in {}.

Example Method Signatures

1. public void printRectArea(int width, int height) - prints area.

2. public int getRectArea(int width, int height) - returns area.

Method Invocation

• Syntax: MethodName(arguments).

• Arguments correspond to parameters.

Method Overloading

• Definition: Multiple methods with the same name but different parameters in the same class.

• Provides flexibility with different argument types and numbers.

• Example overloads:

  • public int getArea(int side) - area of a square.

  • public int getArea(int width, int height) - area of a rectangle.

  • public double getArea(double width, double height) - area with double parameters.

Structures

• Definition: Value type to group related data of different types.

• Declaration: access_modifier struct StructName { //members }.

• Example:

  public struct Book {
      public string title;
      public string author;
      public long book_id;
  }

• Structures cannot initialize fields directly. Must use a constructor to instantiate.

• Comparison with Classes:

  • Structures are value types; classes are reference types.

  • Structures do not allow inheritance but can implement interfaces.

  • Instance variables of classes can be initialized directly.

Conclusion

• Understanding methods and structures in C# allows for organized coding and data management, supporting object-oriented programming principles effectively.