BIOL 243L Human Anatomy and Physiology Lab Manual Flashcards

BIOL 243L Human Anatomy and Physiology Lab Manual Study Guide

Page 1

Introduction

  • BIOL 243L Human Anatomy and Physiology Lab Manual 2nd Edition by Melissa Storm.

  • Images sourced from OpenStax Anatomy & Physiology and others.

Page 3

Table of Contents

  • Unit 1: Sweat the Small Stuff

    • Activity 1: Tools of Trade

    • Activity 2: Tissues

    • Activity 3: The Integumentary System

  • Unit 2: Keep It Up

    • Activity 4: Intro to the Skeletal System

    • Activity 5: Bones of the Axial Skeleton

    • Activity 6: The Upper Limb

    • Activity 7: The Lower Limb

  • Unit 3: Get Moving

    • Activity 8: Introduction to Skeletal Muscle

    • Activity 9: Muscles of the Axial Body

    • Activity 10: Muscles of the Limbs

    • Activity 11: Measuring Muscle Contraction

  • Unit 4: Think About It and Get a Feel for It

    • Activity 12: Histology of the Nervous System

    • Activity 13: The Brain

    • Activity 14: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Meninges

    • Activity 15: The Peripheral Nervous System

    • Activity 16: General Sensation

    • Activity 17: Reflexes

  • Unit 5: It All Makes Sense

    • Activity 18: Eye Anatomy

    • Activity 19: Vision

    • Activity 20: Ear Anatomy

    • Activity 21: Hearing

    • Activity 22: Equilibrium

    • Activity 23: Olfaction and Gustation

Page 4

Notes on Images

  • Most images in the manual are under Creative Commons Licensure. Details for each image are listed.

  • Major sources include OpenStax and others listed for each image.

Page 5

A Note to the Student

  • The manual is designed for A&P I students, noting several features:

    • Bold Words: Identify key structures and terms.

    • Diagrams: Labels provided are essential for class; further details can be found in lecture texts.

    • Tables: Organized presentations of crucial parts of content.

Study Tips

  • Review Worksheets: Regular test formats are referenced in review pages.

  • Vocabulary List: Essential for understanding anatomical terminology.

  • Study Room (Smith 318A): Recommended for studying with models.

  • Instructor Office Hours: Encouraged to utilize for specific help.

Unit 1: Sweat the Small Stuff

Activity 1: Tools of the Trade
Overview

  • Study methods for human anatomy, including models and slides due to increased demand and cost of cadavers.

  • Anatomical Models: Provide representation of common anatomy without variances found in real specimens.

  • Directions and Terms: Application of directional terms is crucial.

1.1 Anatomical Models

  • Benefits include:

    • Standardization of anatomy.

    • Variety in size and magnification.

  • Challenges:

    • Potential misrepresentation of real anatomy.

1.2 Anatomical Drawings

  • Importance of using correctly scaled diagrams and understanding anatomical vocabulary.

1.3 Microscope Use
Microscope Handling

  • Proper usage and care of microscopes:

    1. Carry with two hands.

    2. Avoid scooting on benches.

    3. Proper setup involves centering, cleaning, and storing properly.

Microscope Parts

  • Visible Structures: Includes ocular lenses, objective lenses, stage, light control, etc.

1.4 Application of Microscope
Focusing Technique

  • Steps for focusing through various magnifications.

Activity 2: Tissues

Overview

  • Tissues are groups of similar cells performing a function.

  • Types of Tissues:

    • Epithelial (protection, secretion, absorption).

    • Connective (support, transport).

    • Muscle (movement).

    • Nervous (communication).

Epithelial Tissue Types

  • Epithelia have structural characteristics such as cellularity, connection, innervation, avascularity, and polarity.

  • Naming based on shape and layers:

    • Squamous, cuboidal, columnar based on cell shape; simple, stratified, pseudostratified based on cellular layers.

Connective Tissues Overview

  • Characterized by a large matrix with fewer cells.

  • Groups include loose, dense, fluid, and supporting connective tissues.

Muscle and Nervous Tissues

  • Muscle Tissues: Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth, with distinct characteristics and functions.

  • Nervous Tissue: Comprised of neurons and supporting neuroglial cells.

Activity 3: The Integumentary System

Overview of Skin Structures

  • Skin functions include protection, temperature regulation, vitamin D production, excretion, and sensation.

Layers of Skin

  • Epidermis: Outer layer, mostly epithelial.

  • Dermis: Contains connective tissue, vascular structures, and accessory glands.

  • Hypodermis: Not part of the skin but assists in cushioning and insulation.

Glands

  • Types include sweat and sebaceous glands, playing varied roles in skin health.

Additional Units

  • Units 2-5: Cover skeletal anatomy, muscle dynamics, the nervous system, sensory organs, and their corresponding functions related to their structure and the physiological processes involved. Each unit contains multiple activities geared toward hands-on experimentation and practical application of knowledge relating to anatomy and physiology courses.

Conclusion

  • This study guide synthesizes essential information depicted in the BIOL 243L lab manual. Review and practical application of the subject matter are vital for understanding and performing well in examinations related to human anatomy and physiology.