Muscles acting on the hip and femur

Muscles acting on the hip and femur: iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas), iliotibial band/tract, tensor fasciae latae, glueteus maximus, gluteus medius, adductor longus, adductor magnus, piriformis, and gracilis

tensor fasciae latae origin: iliac crest and superior iliac spine

glueteus maximus origin: dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx

gluteus medius origin: upper lateral surface of ilium

piriformis origin: sacrum

gracilis origin: inferior ramus and body of the pubis

tensor fasciae latae insertion: iliotibial tract

glueteus maximus insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract

gluteus medius insertion: greater trochanter of femur

piriformis insertion: greater trochanter

gracilis insertion: surface inferior to medial condyle of tibia

iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas) function: prime mover for flexing thigh (hip joint) or flexing trunk at thigh, the psoas also flexes vertebral column laterally

tensor fasciae latae function: braces knee when walking

glueteus maximus function: major thigh extensor

gluteus medius function: abducts and medially rotates thigh

adductor longus function: adduct and medially rotate and flex thigh

adductor magnus function: adduct and medially rotate and flex thigh

piriformis function: laterally rotate thigh

gracilis function: adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg