World War 1

What are the causes of World War I?

MANIA

  • Militarism: (either the government/individuals)The country needs protection and goes forward with the interests of the nation.

  • Alliances: A group of nations who have created relationships for mutual advantage (it connects organizations or countries)

  • Nationalism: The belief that one nation is above all other nations its system and beliefs

  • Imperialism: Using one’s country's powers to institute rule, in another country with military or diplomacy

  • Assassination: When a famous person gets murdered: Archduke Franz Ferdinand

    • June 1914 Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, went to Bosnian capital Sarajevo, however, he was shot by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip.

    • HE WAS GONNA BE THE NEXT EMPEROR TO AUSTRIA THRONE

    • SERBIAN NATIONALISTS(killed by)

Who were the allies and central powers of the war?

  • Allies: France, Britain, Russia, United States(much later)

    • America found a way to transport supplies over the ocean. America launched 95 ships on July 4 1917. The US Navy worked 230-mile barrier mines.

  • Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire

    • On August 3 1914, Germany invaded Belgium using the Schlieffen Plan. The plan included: drive through Belgium to Paris, then Germany attacked Russia.

    • * THE FIGHTING STARTS ON THE WESTERN SIDE

    • * THE ALLIANCES CREATED A OUT-SCALE WAR

    • * THEY DEFEAT BELGIUM

    • * THE TRENCHES WERE CREATED TO STOP GERMANY FROM ADVANCING

  • Trench Warfare: Allies went to the Marne River to stop Germany. They used front line, support, and reserve trenches and warfare yards, and happened for three years.

    • * THE LINE IN BETWEEN IS THE NO MAN LAND

    • * MACHINE GUNS WERE BEING SHOT

    • * EUROPEAN RECRUIT THE WHOLE TOWN & TRAINED EVERYONE TOGETHER,AND THEY END GET ALL GET KILLED

    • * DECREASED THE MALE POPULATION

    • * YOU ARE DEALING WITH DISEASES ON FOOT & THEY USED TO KILLED PEOPLE, AND STEPPING ON THEM, AND USE A BARRIER

    • * THEY WOULD USE POISON GAS TO PUSH PEOPLE OUT, OR GET KILLED INSIDE

What was the Espionage Act(United States)?

  • Act wanted to take down any wartime pursuits that displayed disloyalty, and hazardous

What was the Sedition Act(United States)?

  • This was extending the Espionage Act and included more inclusive affronts such as having an opinion on the government or the effort done in negatively, as well as saying it went in between the sale of government bonds

How did World War I affect the United States’ politics ?

  • Nominees wanted, Wilson wanted no War, Charles Evans Hughes wanted to go to war for revenge of rights taken away, but not severely in Germany.

  • Wilson attempted for peace: He proposed fourteen points, the League of Nations, and helped the Treaty of Versailles. Many Americans were not happy with the idea, and he refused to compromise.

Why did the United States go to war ?

  • At first Some Americans thought that the war was evil. Others wanted to because there were connections between other countries. The American country thought it should help the Allies.

    • * THERE IS LOT OF DIVERSITY, THEY WANTED TO KEEP THEIR PRECEDENTS

  • US troops went into the war helping allies after attempts to sink four American unarmed ships, and trying to keep peace with Germany.

  • * UNITED STATES ENTERS THE WAR IN WORLD WAR I IN April 4, 1917

  • * THEY HAVE REVOLUTION IN THE RUSSIA AND GERMANY WANTED THIS TO HAPPEN

  • * GERMANY BRINGS BACK TO RUSSIA

  • * THE PROMISE IS THAT RUSSIA STOPS FIGHTING

  • Zimmerman Telegram: Germany promised Mexico that it would get back the land that the United States took away from the Mexican-American war if it supported Germany.

  • Unrestricted Submarine Warfare: This was when Germany launched attacks on ships that held United States citizens because they were crossing the British harbors.

    • Germany created an intense U-boat blockade on the British, The United was enraged because it killed many of the civiliansand tried to warn Germany.

      • * GERMANY U-BOATS BROKE THE BLOCKADE, AND CREATED BRITAIN BLOCKADE

      • * US SHIPS ARE BEING SUCK

      • * THERE IS A MYTH THAT BOMB OF SHIP HAPPENED BECAUSE TRANSPORTATION OF WEAPONS, (GERMANY DID NOT KNOW THERE WERE WEAPONS)

    • British Blockade: Created on Germany ports, this does let any country to trade with Germany. German people ended up dying of starvation. Americans enraged by the British's blockade.

      • * TODAY IF US HAD A BLOCKADE WE HAVE ENOUGH RESOURCES TO SURVIVE

      • * THE TRADING IS ONLY NOW TO BRITISH BECAUSE OF THE BLOCKADE

What is the effect of World War I on the Workforce?

  • Great Migration: Wide-scale blacks movement from the South to the North

  • Women: Women were doing jobs that before were only reserved for men. Ex: Railroad workers, Cooks, Dockworkers, Bricklayers, mined coal, shipbuilding.

    • Women still as: nurses, teachers, and clerks

    • Women also tried to help directly with war effort & Women-led peace movements

  • National War Labor Board?: Recommended the secretary adjudicated disputes that were not solved by the conciliation service

What was the result of war?

  • Wilsons’ Fourteen Points: The points into three groups. It focused on no foreign treaties between nations, decreased restrictions on foreign trade, and limited military powers.

What Wilson Wanted

January 8, 1918

1. No secret treaties

2. International seas shall be free to navigate during peace

and war.

3. Removal of economic barriers related to trade

4. Worldwide reduction of armies

5. Independence for colonies

6. The removal of armed forces from Russia

7. The removal of armed forces from Belgium

8. French territory should be freed & restored, including

Alsace-Lorraine

9. The borders of Italy will be established; all Italians will be

within the country of Italy.

10. Austria-Hungary will continue to be independent

11. Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania will become

independent

12. Creation of an Independent Turkey

13. Poland will become independent

14. A League of Nations will be formed

  • Allies reject the plan: Georges Clemenceau wanted revenge for invasion of France, David Lloyd George from Britain wanted to get revenge on Germany, and Vittorio Orlando wanted Austrian territory.

    • The fourteen points are much more forgiving compared to The Treaty of Versailles which are much more forgiving and want to move on. The United States was in the war in a shorter period of time compared to the other Allied countries. Allies wanted revenge for all the things revenge has to go through.

  • Treaty of Versailles: Germany was not allowed to have an big army, they had to return Alsace-Lorraine to France, pay war reparations $33 billion to Allies

What the World Got

June 28,1919

1. Germany must admit the war was their fault (war guilt

clause)

2. Germany must disarm to an army less than 100,000

men

3.Germany to hand over colonies

4. Germany must pay $30 billion in damages and

reparations

5. Germany’s navy reduced to 6 battleships with no

submarines

6. Germany forbidden from having an air force

7. Formation of Poland, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia

8. League of Nations is established to keep peace

9. Germany was not allowed to join the League of Nations

10. American Congress did not approve the Treaty and did

not join the League of Nations

  • New nations were created, and shifted boundaries to other nations, territories were given to France and Britain from the Ottoman Empire.

    • It did not address other countries that were responsible. Russia lost territory despite not being at the meeting. Colonized people were unable to have self-determination.

    • Wilson went to the United States, people said the treaty was too cruel, others believed it promoted imperialism, or no self determination for ethnic groups.

  • Red Scare: United States was scared of mass migration of individuals who were supported communism, socialism, or anarchists ideals & this targeted people who were leftists radical and anarchists

  • League of Nations: United States did not join the League of Nations because republicans didn’t like the president, and they believed it would ruin the neutral United States, Monroe Doctrine, precedents sent by George Washington

    • In the United States: One side believed that it shattered US’ self-determination clause. However others believe it would help keep peace, and not allow future wars.

  • Legacy of the War: The United States had more social change, military strength, power of government. European countries had political instability. The turmoil in countries contributed to the next World War.

In 1919, when the U.S., France, and Britain hammered out the Treaty of Paris that supposedly ended World War I, one of the provisions was the League of Nations-a beloved project of Woodrow Wilson’s. It was decided that members of the league would be required to go to war against any nation that attacked another member nation. Congress refused to go along with such a plan. Why do you think Congress refused?

  • Congress refused it because it wanted to go against the president, and the neutrality clause: to not get involved in foreign conflicts, and wanted to become an isolationist country.

What countries were on which side? There were also neutral sides as well.