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Spanish American War + Japanese Expansion
Spanish American War + Japanese Expansion
Spanish Civil War
– A civil war (1936–1939) between Republicans and Nationalists; ended with Franco’s fascist victory.
Causes
– Deep political division, economic crisis, and military rebellion against the elected Spanish Republic.
Franco
– Nationalist leader who won the Spanish Civil War and ruled Spain as a fascist dictator until 1975.
Republicans
– Supported the Spanish Republic; included liberals, socialists, and communists fighting against Franco.
Blitzkrieg
– German “lightning war” tactic using fast, overwhelming attacks combining air and ground forces.
Guernica
– Spanish town bombed by German planes in 1937; symbolized civilian suffering and Nazi involvement.
International Brigades
– Volunteers from around the world who fought for the Republicans against Franco’s forces.
Japanese Expansion
– Japan expanded aggressively in Asia to gain resources and power, leading to major conflicts.
Meiji Constitution
– 1889 constitution giving the emperor supreme power and supporting military expansion.
Special Mission
– Japan’s belief it had a duty to lead Asia and free it from Western control through conquest.
Ultranationalist
– Japanese extremists who supported imperial expansion, militarism, and emperor worship.
Shidehara Diplomacy
– Japan’s peaceful foreign policy in the 1920s that emphasized diplomacy and cooperation.
Zaibatsu
– Powerful industrial families in Japan that influenced the economy and supported military expansion.
First Sino-Japanese War
– War between Japan and China (1894–1895) over Korea; Japan won Taiwan and more influence.
Kwantung Army
– Japanese army unit in Manchuria that acted independently and led aggressive actions in China.
Manchukuo
– Puppet state created by Japan in Manchuria in 1932 after the invasion, with little international support.
Marco Polo Bridge Incident
– A clash near Beijing in 1937 that sparked full-scale war between Japan and China.
Second Sino-Japanese War
– A brutal conflict (1937–1945) between Japan and China, starting with the Marco Polo Bridge.
Nanjing Massacre
– Japanese troops killed and raped thousands of Chinese civilians in Nanjing in 1937.
Tripartite Pact
– Alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan in 1940, creating the Axis Powers.
Oil Embargo
– The U.S. cut off oil exports to Japan in 1941 to protest its aggression in Asia, worsening tensions.
Pearl Harbor
– Japan attacked the U.S. naval base in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, bringing the U.S. into WWII.
Hirohito
– Emperor of Japan during WWII; seen as a divine figure and symbol of Japan’s militaristic expansion.
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Explore Top Notes
Physical Science - Chapter 1
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Studied by 39 people
5.0
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AP Biology Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function
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Studied by 52 people
5.0
(1)
Chapter 24 Urinary System
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Studied by 24 people
5.0
(1)
The role of markets and money
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Studied by 11 people
5.0
(1)
Chapter 10:Acids and Bases
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Studied by 14 people
5.0
(1)
A&P Exam 2
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Studied by 27 people
5.0
(2)