Lecture 3 - FOC framework part 2

Introduction to ADLs

  • Importance of patient hygiene

  • Presented by Jan Alderman, Lecturer

Overview of ADLs

  • Definition of Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

  • Importance in patient care

  • Maintaining patient dignity during delivery of ADLs

Key Components of ADLs

  • Hygiene

  • Nutrition

  • Elimination

  • Ambulation

  • Communication is key to fostering trust in the provision of ADLs

Factors Promoting Effective ADL Care

  • Independence: Promote patient autonomy in daily activities

  • Patient Involvement: Engage patients in decision-making regarding their care

  • Consultation: Discuss with the patient the care plan

  • Collaboration: Work with healthcare team members for integrated care

  • Handover: Effective communication during transition of patient care

Early Morning Care (AM Shift)

  • Establish ward routines

  • Address elimination needs

  • Assist with shower or bed sponge

  • Make patient’s bed

  • Provide oral and hair care

  • Ensure nutrition and hydration

  • Offer clean gown and maintain a clean surrounding area (remove rubbish)

Evening Care (PM Shift)

  • Provide supper

  • Address elimination needs before sleep

  • Assist with teeth care

  • Tidy patient’s area (straighten sheets, plump pillows)

  • Offer warm flannel for face and hands

  • Ensure call bell is within reach and patient can access drinks and urinals as needed

Implications of ADL Provision

Physiological Implications

  • ADLs are vital for maintaining homeostasis

  • Good ADL care can accelerate recovery, reduce stress, and minimize infection risks

Psychological Implications

  • Enhances body image and self-concept, building trust with patients

  • Establish rapport through attentive care

  • Maintain respect and dignity throughout interactions

Cultural Implications

  • Provide culturally appropriate support or interpreters

  • Engage with cultural representatives when needed

  • Consider personal biases and aim for cultural sensitivity

Social Implications

  • Availability of hygiene products may vary among patients

  • Some patients may not have access to basic hygiene items

  • Always consider and encourage the use of personal hygiene products supplied by patients

Overview of Hygiene Practices

Skin Assessment

  • Skin reflects general health; look for:

    • Infection (redness)

    • Liver issues (jaundice)

    • Hypoxia signs (bluish tint)

    • Rash indications

    • Ascites (fluid retention)

Nail Care

  • Do not cut patient’s nails; refer to a podiatrist instead

  • Dirty nails may indicate additional needs, particularly post-incident care

Scalp and Hair Care

  • Assess patients' usual hair care practices

  • Identify high-risk patients who need more assistance (e.g., confused, unconscious)

Hair Care Techniques

  • Offer to brush or wash hair as needed

  • Monitor hair and scalp condition for abnormalities and treat accordingly

Common Hair Issues

  • Head Lice (Pediculosis): Infestation needing careful combing and family education

  • Dandruff (Pityriasis Capitis): Treat with appropriate products; normal shampoo may not suffice

  • Other Conditions: Psoriasis, ringworm, alopecia; report any abnormalities

Scabies

  • Caused by mites; highly contagious condition requiring immediate treatment

  • Most often inspect fingers and groin areas for symptoms

Skin Infection Management for Scabies

  • Thorough cleansing and application of medicated cream; consider clothing and linen

  • Acknowledge potential resistance to treatments in sensitive populations

Shaving Protocols

  • Obtain permission before shaving; avoid cutting patients on anticoagulants

  • Use electric razors when appropriate; ensure all equipment is safe

Eye Care

  • Care must protect cornea: cleanse gently from inner to outer eye using warm materials

Ear Care

  • Avoid inserting objects smaller than the elbow; clean with warm flannel

  • Assess hearing aids carefully to ensure functionality

Nasal Care

  • Be mindful of oxygen drying mucous membranes and the risk of pressure sores

Oral Care Assessment

  • Assess and maintain oral hygiene, watching for signs of distress and oral health conditions

Quality of Life Considerations

  • Oral health significantly impacts overall well-being:

    • Ability to eat, appearance, confidence, communication abilities, and sleep

Oral Health and Medical Conditions

  • Recognize links between oral health and several conditions: diabetes, oral cancer, HIV/AIDS, etc.

Conclusion

  • Thank you for your attention.

  • Presented by the University of Adelaide.