Chapter 39 Lecture Notes 



  1. Dental film holders used to position an hold the dental xray films inside the patients mouth is call RINN XCP instruments 

  2. The silver halide crystals are located in the layers of the x-ray film, it is gelatine that suspends the emulsion 

  3. F speed xray dental film reduces exposure to the patient by 60% compared to D speed film 

  4. THe most commonly used film size for adults in intraoral dentistry is number 2 

  5. Cephalometric is an extraoral film that is placed outside the mouth usually used for ortho

  6. A plastic or metal film case holds and protects the extraoral film. During exposure the side of the cassette must be faced towards the patient and that is the front side 

  7. The device that intensifies or increases the effect of the radiation and decreases the amount of exposure time needed when exposing an extra oral xray is an intensifying screen 

  8. Fixing hardens the film emulsion during film processing

  9. Automatic film processing requires less equipment than manual film processing equipment 

  10. Time and temperature errors will result in reticulation of the emulsion film because sudden temperature changes between the developer and the water bath  

  11. Fixer cutoff will result in a straight black boarder 

  12. CCD (Charge Coupled Device) in direct digital imaging sensors are made with silicone 

  13. The category of digital imaging similar to faxes and video equipment that used an intraoral sensor with a cord attached to the computer is direct digital imaging 

  14. PSP (Phosphor Storage Plate) imaging system is made of phosphor and the latent image will stay on the plate for hours and they should not be exposed to light before scanning 

  15. PSP need to be protected in the patients mouth with barriers, the required care is not to scratch when handling and they are positioned in the patient's mouth like a dental film 

  16. Positioning instruments in digital radiography assist in film placement and keep the patents fingers from being exposed 

  17. Faster film speed with be associated with larger silver halide crystals, a thicker emulsion, and presence of special radiosensitive dyes 

  18. The purpose of the lead foil in the dental film packet is to reduce film fogging 

  19. When placing a dental film in the patient's mouth, the white side is placed towards the tubehead and the raised dot is towards the occlusal or incisal 

  20. Duplicating film is not intended to be used intraorally it is exposed by visible white light and the emulsion is only on one side 

  21. The safest place to store unopened boxes of dental film is in the dark room 

  22. The correct order of steps in manual processing is develop, rinse, fix, and wash 

  23. Solutions should have been changed in the processor one week ago, continuing to use is exhausted developer will result in light films 

  24. The recommended distance between the safe light and where the films are unwrapped in 4 feet 

  25. The life of the automatic processor solutions is reduced rather than extended when more time has elapsed since the last complete change of processing solutions 

  26. When a film passes through fixed solutions before developing the film will appear white or clear 

  27. One reason for a lighter than normal xray is the the developer solution is too weak 

  28. When developer solution in an automatic processor is warmer than 83 degree fahrenheit the processed film will appear dark or black

  29. The ideal time and temp for manual developing is 5 minutes at 68 degrees F 

  30. White or light spot on process film can be caused by fixed solution that contacts the film prior to processing 

  31. When loading an extraoral film into the cassette prior to exposure the procedure must be done in the dark room 

  32. When film emulsion interacts with x-ray the result is a latent image

  33. Green sensitive extraoral film is used with cassettes that have rare earth type intensifying screens 

  34. Digital radiography requires less radiation than traditional radiography because the sensor is more sensitive to x-ray energy 

  35. Digitizing film base radiographic images is the process that is similar to other film duplication, there are desk top scanners that capture the light signal and it replicated with slightly less detail than the original film