Spring Biology study guide cont.****

Here is the study guide in flashcard format, including the additional information you provided:

Flashcard 1:

• Q: What are biomes?

• A: Large ecological areas on Earth's surface, categorized by climate, geography, and the types of organisms that live there.

Flashcard 2:

• Q: What are adaptations?

• A: Heritable traits that enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.

Flashcard 3:

• Q: What is Punctuated Equilibrium?

• A: Evolutionary development characterized by isolated episodes of rapid speciation followed by long periods of stasis.

Flashcard 4:

• Q: What is stasis?

• A: A condition where evolutionary lineages remain relatively unchanged over extended timescales.

Flashcard 5:

• Q: What is Gradualism?

• A: Evolutionary change that occurs slowly and gradually over long periods.

Flashcard 6:

• Q: What are fossils?

• A: Preserved remains of organisms from the past, providing critical evidence of evolution.

Flashcard 7:

• Q: What are indicators of Gradualism?

• A: Evidence of numerous slight changes in species over extended periods or minor environmental changes.

Flashcard 8:

• Q: What are indicators of Punctuated Equilibrium?

• A: Evidence of few significant changes in a shorter timeframe or substantial environmental shifts.

Flashcard 9:

• Q: What is speciation?

• A: The formation of new species when gene pools become isolated and evolve to the point they can no longer interbreed.

Flashcard 10:

• Q: What is coevolution?

• A: The influence of two or more species on each other's evolutionary paths due to close ecological interactions.

Flashcard 11:

• Q: What is antibiotic resistance?

• A: Bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics due to environmental pressures from overuse or misuse of antibiotics.

Flashcard 12:

• Q: What is pesticide resistance?

• A: Pests evolve resistance to insecticides, especially when they are misused or overused.

Flashcard 13:

• Q: What is drug-resistant viruses?

• A: Viruses evolve to evade antiviral treatments, leading to resistant strains.

Flashcard 14:

• Q: What is convergent evolution?

• A: Organisms from different evolutionary backgrounds develop similar traits due to adaptations to similar environments.

Flashcard 15:

• Q: What is divergent evolution?

• A: Species from a common ancestor evolve different traits in response to varying environmental conditions.

Flashcard 16:

• Q: What is adaptive radiation?

• A: A rapid diversification of a species from a common ancestor to fill new ecological niches.

Flashcard 17:

• Q: What is the importance of classification?

• A: Classification systems organize biodiversity and help scientists understand evolutionary relationships.

Flashcard 18:

• Q: What are cladograms?

• A: Diagrams that represent evolutionary relationships, showing common ancestors and evolutionary time.

Flashcard 19:

• Q: What is an example of homologous structures?

• A: Cats and whales have similar leg and flipper bones, showing a common ancestor.

Flashcard 20:

• Q: What is an example of vestigial structures?

• A: The human appendix, which no longer has a particular use.

Flashcard 21:

• Q: What is the best explanation for the appearance of numerous fossils with similar characteristics at the same time?

• A: A change in the environment caused different genetic traits to allow for a greater chance for survival.

Flashcard 22:

• Q: What is the gene pool?

• A: The total number of different alleles present in a population.

Flashcard 23:

• Q: What are adaptations?

• A: Heritable structures or behaviors that allow an organism to use its environment more efficiently.

Flashcard 24:

• Q: Which part of Darwin’s theory describes the predator/prey relationship where some prey escape while others are killed?

• A: Survival of the fittest.

Flashcard 25:

• Q: What type of evolution is seen when birds and bees both have wings but did not evolve from a common ancestor?

• A: Convergent evolution.

Flashcard 26:

• Q: Where would Old World monkeys be found?

• A: In African countries, like the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Flashcard 27:

• Q: What is artificial selection?

• A: When humans breed and interbreed animals to acquire desirable traits.

Flashcard 28:

• Q: What is mimicry?

• A: When an organism changes its appearance to resemble a more threatening organism in its ecosystem.

Flashcard 29:

• Q: What happens during speciation?

• A: When a population becomes isolated, members interbreed, and recessive traits may show up more frequently.

Flashcard 30:

• Q: What type of adaptation happens quickly in bacteria populations that are antibiotic resistant?

• A: Physiological adaptation.

Flashcard 31:

• Q: Which statement is true about evolution?

• A: Populations evolve, individuals don’t.

Flashcard 32:

• Q: Briefly describe the process of evolution by natural selection.

• A: The best-suited organisms survive and reproduce, passing their adaptations to their offspring.

Flashcard 33:

• Q: Who is known as the father of evolution?

• A: Charles Darwin.

Flashcard 34:

• Q: Where did Darwin go to establish his theories on evolution by natural selection?

• A: The Galapagos Islands.

Flashcard 35:

• Q: What is the term for likeness in structure between parts of different organisms, providing evidence of common ancestry?

• A: Homologies.

Sure! Here's how you can organize the study guide into flashcards, with each question on one side and the answer on the other side.

Flashcard 1:

• Q: What is biotechnology?

• A: The use of living organisms to develop products or processes.

Flashcard 2:

• Q: Which suspect matches the scene?

• A: Answer depends on the DNA fingerprint data provided.

Flashcard 3:

• Q: Who is the father of the child?

• A: Answer depends on the DNA fingerprint data provided.

Flashcard 4:

• Q: Which species is closely related?

• A: Answer depends on the DNA fingerprint data provided.

Flashcard 5:

• Q: What is recombinant DNA?

• A: DNA created by combining genes from different organisms.

Flashcard 6:

• Q: What is DNA Fingerprinting?

• A: Identifies individuals using DNA; used in crime solving.

Flashcard 7:

• Q: What is Recombinant DNA?

• A: Combines genes from different organisms; used in medicine and agriculture.

Flashcard 8:

• Q: What is Gene Therapy?

• A: Fixes defective genes to treat genetic disorders.

Flashcard 9:

• Q: What is Stem Cell Therapy?

• A: Uses stem cells to treat diseases or injuries.

Flashcard 10:

• Q: What is Cloning?

• A: Creates genetically identical organisms; used in research.

Flashcard 11:

• Q: What are GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)?

• A: Genetically modified organisms to improve crops or food.

Flashcard 12:

• Q: What are Darwin’s views on evolution?

• A: Natural selection; populations change over time.

Flashcard 13:

• Q: What are Lamarck’s views on evolution?

• A: Inheritance of acquired traits; individuals change.

Flashcard 14:

• Q: How does genetic variation help organisms?

• A: Genetic variation helps some individuals survive better in changing environments, like dark moths surviving on soot-covered trees.

Flashcard 15:

• Q: According to Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection, do populations or individuals change over time?

• A: Populations change over time, not individuals.

Flashcard 16:

• Q: What are homologous structures?

• A: Same bones in different animals, showing common ancestry.

Flashcard 17:

• Q: What are genetic differences?

• A: Humans and chickens have different genes.

Flashcard 18:

• Q: What are adaptations?

• A: Animals like honey possums and butterflies have different tongues for nectar.

Flashcard 19:

• Q: What is embryonic similarity?

• A: Early embryos of different species look similar, showing common ancestry.

Flashcard 20:

• Q: What is antibiotic resistance?

• A: Bacteria evolve to resist antibiotics over time.

Flashcard 21:

• Q: What are fossils?

• A: Remains of ancient organisms, providing evidence of evolution.

Flashcard 22:

• Q: What is the type of evolution between a bat and a bird?

• A: Convergent evolution.

Flashcard 23:

• Q: What type of structure is found in a bat and a bird?

• A: Analogous structures.

Flashcard 24:

• Q: Do bats and birds have a recent common ancestor?

• A: No.

Flashcard 25:

• Q: What happens during antibiotic resistance?

• A: Bacteria survive antibiotics, reproduce, and spread, making the antibiotics less effective.

Flashcard 26:

• Q: How does this concept apply to the flu vaccine?

• A: The flu virus can evolve and become resistant to the vaccine, requiring updates every year.

Flashcard 27:

• Q: Is a virus living or non-living?

• A: Non-living; it needs a host to reproduce.

Flashcard 28:

• Q: How does a virus infect living cells?

• A: It attaches to a host cell, injects its genetic material, and takes control of the cell to replicate.

Flashcard 29:

• Q: What are three adaptations of a polar bear for the Arctic Circle?

• A: Thick fur, large paws for walking on ice, and white fur for camouflage.

Flashcard 30:

• Q: What challenges are polar bears facing right now?

• A: Habitat loss due to melting ice from climate change.