Samisk språk og kultur og fornorsking_2IM-1 (1)

Project Overview: Review the progress of the project "advertising for the school" and agree on submission deadlines and presentation dates.
Sami Language and Culture: Focus on the core competency goal: Students will explain the prevalence of Sami languages in Norway, the Norwegianization policy, and the linguistic rights of Sami people as an indigenous group.

Historical Context: The Norwegian state is founded on the territory of two peoples: Norwegians and Sami. The history of the Sami is interwoven with Norwegian history.
Acknowledgment of Past Wrongs: The king expressed regret for the injustices inflicted upon the Sami people due to aggressive Norwegianization policies.

Background of the King's Apology (1997): What do you know about the history of the Sami language and culture?
Understanding Norwegianization: What does the term Norwegianization policy mean?
Media Reference: Viewing an episode of "Den stille kampen" on NRK to facilitate discussion.

Language Structure:
- One Norwegian language with two forms.
- One official minority language: the Sami language, an indigenous language.
- Criteria for official status: Use in public administration.
Sami Law: Rights to have Sami as an educational goal, use Sami in police interviews and court cases, and communicate with public institutions within designated Sami administrative areas.
National Minorities: Includes Jews, Kvens, Romani people, Romanies, and Skogfinns.
Sign Language: Recognition of Norwegian sign language under the educational act, granting rights for education and instruction in Norwegian sign language.

Demographics: Approximately 15,000 individuals are registered as Sami in Norway (as of 2013).
Sami Language Varieties: Varieties include Sursami, Umesami, Pitesami, Lulesami, Nord-sami (including Finnmark Sami, sjosami, tornesami), Enare Sami, Skoltesami, Kildinsami, and Tersami.

Speaker Numbers:
- 0-100,000 users of Sami languages, particularly South Sami.
- Significant language shift occurred over the 20th century, shifting from Sami or Kven/Finnish to Norwegian.

Who is Considered Sami?: About 15,000 individuals are registered, but not all speak Sami. Anyone identifying as Sami and having connections through parents or grandparents can register.

Mutual Intelligibility: Five dialects in Norway, but they are not mutually understandable.
Major Dialects:
- Nordsami - Largest and most standardized.
- Lulesami - Has its own written form.
- Sørsami
- Pitesami and Umesami.

Official Recognition: Sami language obtained official status in Norway in 1992.
Rights Conferred:
- Right to Sami education and use of the Sami language when interacting with public institutions, applicable in six municipalities in Northern Norway.

Historical Policy: Established in 1898, forbidding the use of Sami as a language of instruction in schools. By 1902, only Norwegian speakers could buy land in Finnmark.
Recognition in Education: Sami was eventually allowed as a language of instruction in 1967.
Assimilation Ideology: Policy to assimilate the Sami into the Norwegian cultural framework, viewing Sami culture as incompatible with the national romantic ideals.
Consequences: Internment of Sami children, forced erasure of Sami language and identity.

Identity Changes: In 1930, the majority identified as Sami. By 1970, only 5% did. Population: approximately 2,500. Socio-cultural stigma attached to ethnic identity.

Status of Sami Languages: Classified as endangered, especially South Sami, with fewer than 100,000 speakers.
European Charter: Despite not being a principal language in any nation-state, it holds official status and receives support through the European Charter.

Phases of Shift:
- Phase I: Entirely proficient in minority language.
- Phase II: Full proficiency in minority, partial in majority language.
- Phase III: Fully proficient in both languages.
- Phase IV: Partial proficiency in minority; full proficiency in majority language.
- Phase V: Entirely proficient in majority language.

Regions and Language Revitalization: Locations including Sursami, Umesami, Pitesami, Lulesami, Nordsami, Enare Sami, Skoltesami, Kildinsami, Tersami.

Contradictory Position: Sami people exist within a paradox—traditional "primitive folk" navigating modern industrialized society.
Cultural Adaptation: Adapting Sami culture to the contemporary world.

Ella Marie Haetta Isaksen: Celebrated Sami musician who won Stjernekamp in fall 2018; awarded the Brobygger prize for her modern representation of Sami in today’s society.

Mention of relevant links and resources for further reading on Sami culture and language.