Common Mistakes

• in ionic bonding the particles involved are positive and negative ions (cations and anions)

• showing by means of mathematical calculation

  • 2H’2 + O2 → 2H20

  • reactants and products = 6 atoms balanced

  • reactant 3 molecules product 2 not balanced

• basic fundementals

  • all particles are in constant, rapid and irregular motion

  • the higher the temperature, the faster the speed of the particles

• empirical formula → the simplest (whole number) ratio of atoms in a compound

• when talking about melting boiling or properties of elements refer to bonds

2023

• DONT FORGET SIGNS

• Rutherford was gold foil → found the nucleus

  • gold foil, particle accelator, screen

• bohr model explains prescence of colours

  • bohr model shows electron shells (quantisied). can get excited, absorb energy move higher shell. Then falls, specific energy released → corresp colour of light given off. (wavelength can be said)

• down groups and forces and stuff mention IE

• if asking like group 1 more reactive than 2

  • two electrons getting removed, more energy required (keep simple)

• Electrostatic attractions arise

  • ionic → attraction of oppositely charged ions (think that metals and non-metals opposite charge)

  • covalent → attraction of bonding pairs and the nuclei of the participating atom (idk just know it)

  • metallic → attractrion of delocalised electrons to positive cores.

• CaCl is a simple molecular structure (almost all these questions are about bonds and their strengths)

2022

relative atomic mass → mass of atoms in relation to 1 carbon 12 atom