English Language Arts 10
Personal response: How did I react and why
Visual Techniques
Still Images
General techniques
The Frame - The boundaries of the image
Composition - What the image is composed of
Mise-en-scene - The place on the stage ; the arrangement of the objects relative to each other
Internal framing: when we use objects to frame a subject; entrapment
Rule of thirds - Draws our attention in an image ; splits the image into thirds
Fourth wall - A boundary between the characters of a play and the audience
Angles
The Subject
High angle - looks down on a subject ; makes subject feel more vulnerable/smaller
Low angle - looks up on a subject ; makes subject feel more imposing
Flat angle - creates a purposeful connection between the subject and the audience
The Audience
Bird’s eye view - looks straight down on a subject ; disconnects us from the scene
God’s eye view- same as bird but give a judgment
Worm’s eye view - not looking straight up but very close to the ground ; makes us feel small
Canted/tilted Angle - creates an uneasy feeling
Angle of destiny - offset and high ; character is going to go through a irreversible change
Proxemics/shots
The relationship between the camera and the subject ; how far or close they are to each other
Long shot - We are so far we can see the entire character but can’t see specific details ; we can see more of the background ; makes subject small compared to the setting ; the setting is more imposing
Medium shot - We see the character waist up and can see more features like facial expressions, clothing details, etc ; background and subject are balanced
Close shot - Shoulder up and can see all the details of a character ; subject takes up majority of the photo ; background can still be important
Extreme close up - focuses on a specific body part ; little to no background
Movement
Implied movement - something that tell the audience that the subject is moving
Directional movement - we are trained to be taught left to right, top down ; our brain is more comfortable with that movement
Color
Color values: when we attribute a certain color to a value
Contrast
Focus
Depth of field:
Everything in front is the foreground
Everything behind is the background
Far focus: The things further back are focused
Near focus: The things closer are focused
Reflection
External reflection often represents internal reflection
Space
Open: Empty around or between a subject; isolation; separation
Negative space: Impression that something is missing
Film
Sound/Audio
Digetic: Sounds that can be heard from the character
Non-Diegetic: Sound added for the purpose of the audience, the character cannot hear it. Ex. Jaws
Frame rate
Faster: more details
n
Camera movement
Pan: Side to side, same base
Tilt: Up and down, same base
Dolly: Camera moving on a dolly, wheels
Tracking: Camera moving on a track
Push: Move towards character; realization
Reveal: Opposite of a push; reveals something to the audience
Zolly: When you use the dolly and zoom function at the same time
Spiral: goes around a character; a decision is being made
Transitions
Kuleshov Effect: The context of the pieces of film around and within a scene can completely change its meaning
Cuts: A “invisible” transition; should not be noticeable
Tricut: When you use 3 cuts in a row that are related to each other: visual equivalent of “DUN DUN DUNN”
Jump Cut: A lot of cuts in a row but a the camera’s perspective changes a little each time
Flash Cut: The cut is accompanied by a flash; a change in time; Flashbacks, etc
Match Cut: The cut between the 2 scene are matched together through something that is in each: motions, sounds, concepts
Dissolves: One scene fades into another; To demonstrate the passing of time
Fade:fade to white or black.
White: Passing on, death
Black: the end of something
Superimposition: when you put one scene on top of another
Match Dissolved: the ends of the scenes are matched together; uses space or mise-en scene
Iris: the borders close in on a circle; generally in and out
Wipe: when one scenes slides on top of another; hidden