UNIT 2 TEST SUCESS POWER POINT

Institution: GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSINGⓇ
Course Code: PNS 112
Units: 3 and 4

Florence Nightingale (1860): Defined nursing as "to put the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him."

Definition of Nursing:
  - Nursing is defined as a discipline that integrates the art and science of caring. The focus areas include:
    - Protection, Promotion, and Optimization of Health: Encompasses efforts to encourage healthy practices and lifestyles.
    - Prevention of Illness and Injury: Efforts targeted towards avoiding diseases and accidents.
    - Facilitation of Healing: Supporting processes that contribute to recovery and wellness.
    - Alleviation of Suffering: Empathetic care and presence during patient distress.
  - Responsibilities include the diagnosis and treatment of human responses, and advocacy for the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations, recognizing the interconnectedness of humanity.

Origins:
- Nursing has roots in religious and military service.
Florence Nightingale:
  - Regarded as the founder of modern nursing.
  - Gained recognition for her care of soldiers during the Crimean War.
  - Contributed significantly to the field of epidemiology.
  - Established nursing as a distinct and respected profession separate from medicine.
  - Founded the first nursing school focusing on formal education in nursing.
  - Advocated for university-based education and continuous professional development.

Dorothea Dix:
- Served as the Head of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, leading to the formation of the Army Nurse Corps.
Clara Barton:
- Established the American Red Cross, enhancing disaster response and emergency care.

Linda Richards:
- Acknowledged as America’s first trained nurse.
Lena Higbee:
- Superintendent of the U.S. Navy Nurse Corps and recipient of the Navy Cross in 1918.

Key Characteristics:
  - Altruism: Commitment to serving others and the community.
  - Body of Knowledge and Research: A foundation of evidence-based practice.
  - Accountability: Responsibility for professional actions and decisions.
  - Higher Education: Continuing education essential for advancement and competence.
  - Autonomy: Independence in practice and decision-making.
  - Code of Ethics: Adherence to ethical standards as outlined by professional organizations.
  - Professional Organization: Membership in organizations to foster development and advocacy.
  - Licensure: Required credentials and licensure to practice as a nurse.
  - Diversity: Recognition and inclusivity of various backgrounds and experiences.

Standards of Practice:
- Governed by nurse practice acts which determine the scope of nursing practice.
Professional Responsibilities:
  - Assessment, Diagnosis: Identifying patient needs and health issues.
  - Outcome Identification, Planning: Setting goals for patient care and strategizing approaches.
  - Implementation and Evaluation: Executing care plans and assessing outcomes.
Professional Performance Expectations:
  - Include ethics, advocacy, respectful practice, and effective communication.
  - Collaboration, leadership, education, scholarly inquiry, quality of practice, and resource stewardship expected.
  - Focus on environmental health.

Nurse Practice Acts:
- Define the legal scope of nursing practice.
ANA Code of Ethics:
- Outlines ethical principles for nurses to follow.
ANA’s Principles for Social Networking and the Nurse:
- Guidelines for maintaining professionalism in social media and networking.
Note for New Nurses:
- The license to practice emphasizes adherence to these standards.

Socialization into Profession:
- The process of assimilating into the nursing role and culture.
Benner’s Novice to Expert Model:
  - Stages of proficiency development in nursing practice:
    - Novice: Beginners with no prior experience.
    - Advanced Beginner: Nurses who can demonstrate basic competence.
    - Competent: Nurses with a few years of experience, able to organize and prioritize tasks.
    - Proficient: Nurses who view situations as whole parts rather than just a series of tasks.
    - Expert: Nurses with extensive experience and deep understanding, capable of judgment and decision-making.

Entry-Level Nursing Programs:
  - Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) or Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN)
  - Registered Nurse (RN):
    - Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN)
    - Diploma Programs
    - Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)
Advanced Education:
  - Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)
  - Advanced Practice Nurses: Focused roles in specialized care.
  - Other Advanced Roles: Options for doctoral education include a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP).

Certifications:
- Each nursing specialty has specific certification requirements, including minimum work experience and education.
Professional Organizations:
- Nursing organizations provide access to current information, resources, and advocacy opportunities for nurses.
- Encourages participation in organizations like the National Student Nurses Association (NSNA) during nursing school to foster networking and career development.

Issues and Challenges:
- Ongoing nursing shortage impacting healthcare delivery.
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN):
- An initiative to prepare future nurses with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for quality and safety in healthcare.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Report:
- Established goals and recommendations for the nursing profession.
National Patient Safety Goals:
- A set of specific goals aimed at improving patient safety nationwide.