Integumentary System Ch. 4


  • Integumentary system = skin + accessory structures (i.e., hair, glands, & nails), largest organ system

    • Layers of the Skin

  1. Integumentary system – epidermis & dermis (hypodermis not part of integumentary system) (Fig. 4.2.1)

  2. Integument contains all 4 tissue types – Know where the tissue types are located in the integument & their basic functions

  3. Epidermis: What are the layers of the epidermis? What tissue comprises the epidermis?

    1. Know the layers of the epidermis: Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (thick skin only), stratum corneum (Figs. 4.2.3 & 4.2.4)

  4. Where is thick skin found on the body? Thin skin? (Fig. 4.2.2)

    1. Terms to know: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, keratinocytes, keratin, basement membrane, dermal papilla, basal stem cells, Merkel cells, melanocytes, melanin, fingerprints (= dermal ridges), desmosome, Langerhans (= dendritic) cells, eleidin, keratinization

      1. Where does mitosis occur in the epidermis? Where are cells alive/dead? Why do cells die? What is the function of keratin & eleidin?

      2. Where do we find melanocytes? What is the function of melanin?

  5. Dermis: What are the layers of the dermis? What tissue(s) comprise(s) each layer? How is the dermis different from the epidermis? (Fig. 4.2.5)

    • Terms to know: Papillary layer, loose areolar CT, collagen & elastic fibers, fibroblasts, adipocytes, phagocytes, Meissner (= tactile) corpuscles, reticular layer, dense irregular CT, Pacinian (= lamellated) corpuscles

  6. Hypodermis (= Subcutaneous layer, = Superficial fascia): loose areolar CT, adipose tissue, Pacinian (= lamellated) corpuscles

  7. Pigmentation: Terms to know: Melanin, carotene, hemoglobin, melanocytes, melanosome, stratum basale, UV radiation, Vit D (Fig. 4.2.6)

4.3 Accessory structures

  • Hair – terms to know: Keratin, keratinocytes, follicle, shaft, root, bulb, matrix, papilla, medulla, cortex, cuticle, internal & external root sheaths (Figs. 4.3.1 & 4.3.2)

    • Arrector pili muscle – function?

    • Hair color – melanocytes, melanin

    • Nails – function? Terms to know: Keratin, body, free edge, bed, root, fold, cuticle (= eponychium), lunula, hyponychium (Fig. 4.3.3)

    • Sweat (= Sudoriferous) glands

      1. Eccrine (= Merocrine) sweat glands – function & location? Terms to know: Dermicidin, thermoregulation (Fig. 4.3.4)

      2. Apocrine sweat glands – function & location?

    • Sebaceous glands – function? Terms to know: Sebum

    • Functions of the Integumentary System

      • Know the functions of the integumentary system: Protection, sensory, thermoregulation, Vit D synthesis: Structures to know: Meissner (= tactile) corpuscles, Pacinian (= lamellated) corpuscles

    • Diseases, Disorders, & Injuries of the Integumentary System

      • Diseases: Cancer: Terms to know: Metastasis, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, ABDCE mnemonic (Figs. 4.5.1, 4.5.2, & 4.5.3)

        • Skin disorders: Terms to know: Eczema, acne, (Figs. 4.5.4 & 4.5.5)

        • Injuries: Terms to know: Burns “rule of nines,” first-degree, second-degree, third-degree, fourth-degree, scars, keloids, bedsores, stretch marks, calluses (Fig. 4.5.6)