Test 2 Study Guide - 25SP_F1 CRJ101 Intro. to Criminal Justice (W01)

Study Guide Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements best describes police involvement in enforcing the law? Police officers are responsible for upholding laws, investigating crime, apprehending suspects, and maintaining public order to protect citizens and property.
________ is a proactive approach to the problem of crime. Community Policing. Community engagement and crime prevention strategies.
The broken windows model of policing focuses on which element of the police mission? It focuses on the element of social control. It emphasizes maintaining order by addressing minor offenses to prevent more serious crimes.
Which federal agency is responsible for managing the database of DNA profiles of offenders? The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
Currently, the main priority of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is ________. Terrorism prevention.
The first modern state police agency was created in which state? Texas.
The centralized model of state policing ________. Features a unified state police force operating under a central authority.
Which agency head is most likely to be an elected official? The sheriff.
Which local law enforcement official is responsible for serving court papers, maintaining security within courtrooms, and running the county jail? The sheriff.
A police chief instructs officers to write tickets for any motorists who are going at least one mile per hour above the speed limit. This department is most likely operating under the ________ style of policing. Zero-tolerance policing.
The political era of American policing was characterized by ________. Close ties between police and local political leaders, often leading to corruption.
Sarah is a police sergeant who is responsible for supervising six patrol officers. This number represents Sarah's ________. Span of control.
________ describes the order of authority within a police department. Chain of command.
As a patrol officer in an urban police department, Luke is mainly involved in ________ activities. Responding to calls for service and community engagement.
Officer Markus has just been informed that he is being semi-permanently assigned to a particular neighborhood and is expected to become familiar with the neighborhood, its residents, and their problems and concerns. This is an example of ________ policing. Community policing.
Police-community relations (PCR) ________. Focuses on building partnerships between police and community members.
________ cases produce substantial changes both in the understanding of the requirements of due process and in the practical day-to-day operations of the justice system. Landmark Supreme Court cases.
During which Supreme Court Justice's tenure did the rights of individuals expand dramatically? Earl Warren.
What is the importance of the Fourteenth Amendment? It guarantees equal protection under the law and due process in all states.
According to ________, evidence illegally seized by the police cannot be used in a trial. The exclusionary rule.
Which U.S. Supreme Court case forms the basis of the exclusionary rule? Mapp v. Ohio.
Which legal principle states that any evidence that is later developed as a result of an illegal search or seizure is excluded from trial? Fruit of the poisonous tree.
Jake and Mary rent a house together. Officer Smith requests permission to search for drugs. Jake's consents to the search but Mary refuses, because she has illegal drugs hidden in the kitchen. Based on Jake's consent, Officer Smith searches the house over Mary's objection, and finds the drugs. Which of the following is legally correct in the ensuing trial? The evidence may be admissible because Jake had the authority to consent to the search.
Probable cause is ________. A reasonable belief that a crime has been committed.
Officer Choi is questioning neighborhood residents about a series of burglaries. She knocks on Joe's door and is invited into the house. While in the kitchen, Officer Choi notices a marijuana plant on the windowsill. Officer Choi may legally seize the plant under the ________ doctrine. Plain view doctrine.
An exigent circumstances search may be conducted in which of the following situations? When there is an immediate threat to public safety or the potential loss of evidence.
A(n) ________ warrant is issued based on probable cause to believe that evidence of a crime, while not currently at the place described, will likely be there when the warrant is executed. Anticipatory warrant.
Information that is compiled in an effort to anticipate, prevent, or monitor criminal activity is known as ________. Intelligence gathering.
Programs such as the Collier County Spousal Academy are designed to help families of police officers cope with issues relating to ________. The stresses of law enforcement work.
According to the Supreme Court, the police may conduct a "stop and frisk" without a warrant based on ________. Reasonable suspicion.
Which Supreme Court case set the standard for a "stop and frisk"? Terry v. Ohio.
In the case of Illinois v. Gates, the Supreme Court established the ________ test for evaluating whether information provided by an informant may be the basis for issuing a warrant. Totality of the circumstances test.
Which of the following situations could lead to a civil suit for police negligence? Failure to protect or respond appropriately to emergencies.
Evidence that is relevant to a criminal investigation but that is NOT readily visible to the unaided eye is known as ________ evidence. Latent evidence.
What two principles are considered the Miranda triggers? Custody and interrogation.
19-year-old Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the surviving Boston Marathon bomber, was initially questioned by law enforcement officers before he was read his Miranda rights under the ________ exception to Miranda. Public safety exception.
The current standard for the use of deadly force by federal agents is ________. The imminent threat of death or serious physical injury.
A ________ weapon is designed to disable, capture, or immobilize, but not kill, a suspect. Non-lethal weapon.
Prior to the Supreme Court ruling in Tennessee v. Garner, the use of deadly force by the police was governed by the ________ rule. Fleeing felon rule.
In which situation are police officers most likely to use force? During arrests or when suspect resistance is expected.
How do new police officers enter the police subculture? Through training and mentorship by experienced officers.
The application of more force than is necessary to compel compliance from a subject is known as ________. Excessive force.
A federal civil suit alleging police misconduct that is filed against a federal law enforcement officer is commonly known as a ________. Bivens action.
A police subculture includes ________. Shared values, beliefs, and norms among law enforcement officers.
Barker and Carter describe acts of corruption that occur most often to further the organizational goals of law enforcement, as ________. Meat eating
Intelligence-led policing ________. Focuses on using data and intelligence to guide policing strategies.
Which type of police corruption identified by the Knapp Commission involves the active seeking of illicit money-making opportunities by officers? Meat-eaters.
The two key elements in the definition of police corruption are ________. Abuse of discretion and misconduct.
In general, the most common way for a police officer to die in the line of duty is as the result of ________. Shooting or firearm incidents.
In most big-city police departments, which branch is tasked with investigating charges of wrongdoing involving members of the department? Internal Affairs.