Untitled Flashcards Set

Here are the definitions for each term:

Political Stability – A situation where a government is functioning effectively, with minimal risk of sudden changes, unrest, or collapse.
Political Instability – A state where a government faces significant challenges such as protests, revolutions, economic crises, or weak governance.
Political Stability Index – A measurement used to assess the stability of a country’s political system, considering factors like governance, conflict, and economic conditions.
Power – The ability to influence or control people, decisions, and resources, often in the context of politics or government.
Politics – The process of making decisions that apply to members of a group, particularly related to governance and public policies.
Geopolitics – The study of how geographic factors (such as location, resources, and territory) influence political power and international relations.
Nation-State – A political entity where a nation (a group of people with a shared identity) and a state (a governing institution) coincide.
State – A politically organized territory with a government that exercises authority over a population within a defined area.
Nation – A large group of people with common cultural, linguistic, or ethnic characteristics, sometimes with a shared history and identity.
Sovereignty – The authority of a state to govern itself without external interference.

Natural Borders – Boundaries that are defined by physical features such as mountains, rivers, and oceans.
Arbitrary Borders – Boundaries that are artificially drawn, often by colonial powers or agreements, without considering natural geography or cultural divisions.
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) – A maritime area (up to 200 nautical miles from a country’s coast) where a state has special rights over marine resources, such as fishing and oil drilling.

Political Instability Index – A ranking system that evaluates the likelihood of political instability in a country based on economic, social, and political factors.
Political Risk Score – A measure used by businesses and investors to assess the level of risk associated with political events that could impact economic stability.

Democratic States – Countries where governments are chosen by the people through elections, with protection of civil liberties and political freedoms.
Authoritarian States – Governments where power is concentrated in the hands of a single ruler or a small elite, often with limited political freedoms.
Intermediate States – Countries that exhibit characteristics of both democratic and authoritarian governments, often in transition.
Liberal Democracies – A form of democracy that emphasizes individual rights, free markets, rule of law, and fair elections.
Political System – The structure and processes by which a government operates, such as democracy, monarchy, or dictatorship.
Political Spectrum – A way of categorizing political ideologies from left (progressive, socialist) to right (conservative, capitalist).

Capitalism – An economic system where private individuals and businesses own production and operate for profit, with limited government interference.
Socialism – A system where the government plays a significant role in the economy by controlling industries and redistributing wealth to promote social equality.
Communism – A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society where all property and production are owned by the community or state.
Imperialism – A policy where one country extends its control over another, often through colonization, military force, or economic dominance.
Fascism – A far-right, authoritarian system characterized by nationalism, dictatorial power, and suppression of opposition.
Economics – The study of how resources are produced, distributed, and consumed within a society.

Democratic Principles – Fundamental beliefs that support democracy, such as freedom of speech, rule of law, and fair elections.
Right-Wing – A political ideology that supports tradition, limited government, free markets, and individual responsibility.
Left-Wing – A political ideology that advocates for social equality, government intervention in the economy, and progressive policies.
Moderate – A person or ideology that holds centrist views, balancing left-wing and right-wing ideas.
Ethnic Nationalism – A belief that a nation should be defined by a shared ethnicity, culture, or heritage.
Civic Nationalism – A form of nationalism that defines a nation based on shared values, citizenship, and political identity rather than ethnicity.
Religious Fundamentalism – A strict and literal interpretation of religious doctrines, often leading to rejection of modern secular values.
Autonomy – The right of a region or group to govern itself independently.
Self-Determination – The principle that a nation or group has the right to choose its own government and political future.

Ethnic Cleansing – The forced removal of an ethnic group from a territory, often through violence or intimidation.
Genocide – The deliberate extermination of an entire ethnic, religious, or national group.
Terrorism – The use of violence or threats to create fear, often for political or ideological purposes.
Asymmetric Warfare – A type of conflict where opposing forces have unequal military capabilities, often involving guerrilla tactics or terrorism.
Global Terrorism Index – A ranking system that evaluates the impact of terrorism worldwide based on incidents, fatalities, and economic damage.
Counterterrorism – Strategies and measures taken by governments to prevent and combat terrorism.
Peacekeeping – International efforts, often led by the United Nations, to maintain peace and stability in conflict zones.