*DSM- Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa
Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-5)
A - Restriction of Energy Intake
- Definition: A pattern of energy intake that is significantly lower than the requirements of the individual. This leads to a significantly low body weight considering the person's age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health.
- Criteria for Significantly Low Weight:
- Defined as a weight that is less than minimally normal.
- For children and adolescents, this is defined as less than minimally expected weight for an individual of similar age and sex.B - Intense Fear of Weight Gain
- Individuals experience an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, despite being at a significantly low weight.
- There may be persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain even when at a notably low weight.C - Disturbance in Body Experience
- There is a noticeable disturbance in how one perceives their body weight or shape. This may include:
- An undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation.
- A persistent lack of recognition regarding the seriousness of their current low body weight.
Bulimia Nervosa (Related Condition)
F50.01 - Restricting Type
- Present for more than 3 months with no purging or bingeing behaviors.F50.02 - Binge/Purge Type
- Present for more than 3 months involving episodes of binge-eating or purging behaviors.
Clinical Description of Anorexia Nervosa
Chronic Nature: The disorder is often characterized as chronic.
Weight Classification:
- Mild: Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 17 kg/m²
- Moderate: BMI between 16 to < 17 kg/m²
- Severe: BMI between 15 to < 16 kg/m²
- Extreme: BMI < 15 kg/m²
Psychological Aspects
Many individuals with Anorexia Nervosa take pride in their weight loss and their capacity to exert control over their eating behaviors.
There is often reluctance to seek treatment due to this pride and associated beliefs.
Mortality and Suicide Rates
Anorexia Nervosa has the highest mortality rate among psychiatric disorders, with 20% of affected individuals dying as a result of complications related to the disorder.
Suicide attempts are reported in 30-40% of patients.