*DSM- Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia Nervosa

Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-5)

  1. A - Restriction of Energy Intake
       - Definition: A pattern of energy intake that is significantly lower than the requirements of the individual. This leads to a significantly low body weight considering the person's age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health.
       - Criteria for Significantly Low Weight:
         - Defined as a weight that is less than minimally normal.
         - For children and adolescents, this is defined as less than minimally expected weight for an individual of similar age and sex.

  2. B - Intense Fear of Weight Gain
       - Individuals experience an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, despite being at a significantly low weight.
       - There may be persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain even when at a notably low weight.

  3. C - Disturbance in Body Experience
       - There is a noticeable disturbance in how one perceives their body weight or shape. This may include:
         - An undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation.
         - A persistent lack of recognition regarding the seriousness of their current low body weight.

Bulimia Nervosa (Related Condition)

  • F50.01 - Restricting Type
       - Present for more than 3 months with no purging or bingeing behaviors.

  • F50.02 - Binge/Purge Type
       - Present for more than 3 months involving episodes of binge-eating or purging behaviors.

Clinical Description of Anorexia Nervosa

  • Chronic Nature: The disorder is often characterized as chronic.

  • Weight Classification:
      - Mild: Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 17 kg/m²
      - Moderate: BMI between 16 to < 17 kg/m²
      - Severe: BMI between 15 to < 16 kg/m²
      - Extreme: BMI < 15 kg/m²

Psychological Aspects

  • Many individuals with Anorexia Nervosa take pride in their weight loss and their capacity to exert control over their eating behaviors.

  • There is often reluctance to seek treatment due to this pride and associated beliefs.

Mortality and Suicide Rates

  • Anorexia Nervosa has the highest mortality rate among psychiatric disorders, with 20% of affected individuals dying as a result of complications related to the disorder.

  • Suicide attempts are reported in 30-40% of patients.