US History II Civil Rights Vocab.
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| Word: | Definition: |
|---|---|
| Tenth Amendment(it gave states rights) | The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. |
| Fourteenth Amendment(equal protection) | No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States-anybody born or naturalized in the United States is a citizen and you get all the rights as a citizen. Dred Scott was an enslaved person who accompanied his owner, an army physician, to postings in a free state (Illinois) and free territory (Wisconsin) before returning with him to the slave state of Missouri. In 1846 Scott and his wife, aided by antislavery lawyers, sued for their freedom in a St. |
| Dred Scott: | The Dred Scott decision was the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling on March 6, 1857, that having lived in a free state and territory did not entitle an enslaved person, Dred Scott, to his freedom. In essence, the decision argued that, as someone's property, Scott was not a citizen and could not sue in a federal court. |
| NAACP | The NAACP or National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was established in 1909 and is America's oldest and largest civil rights organization. It was formed in New York City by white and Black activists, partially in response to the ongoing violence against Black Americans around the country. |
| Plessy | - a 1/8th mixed man who entered court for sitting in the white peoples cart- Plessy vs Ferguson- Plessy violated Louisiana's Separate Car Act of 1890, which required "equal, but separate" railroad accommodations for white and non-white passengers.Plessy is known for affirming the legal theory of “separate but equal” that was used to justify Jim Crow laws in the 19th and 20th centuries. |
| Executive Order 8802 | In June of 1941, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802, banning discriminatory employment practices by federal agencies and all unions and companies engaged in war-related work.Any company that gets money from the Feds for the war cannot discriminate against African Americans or women. Made employment equal for all races.Desegragated the defense industry |
| CORE | The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the civil rights movement. |
| Double V CampaignVictory abroad and victory at home | The campaign was an effort of the paper to bring about changes in the United States in regard to race relations. The campaign demanded that African Americans, who were risking their lives in the war, be given full citizenship rights at home. |
| De jure vs De facto segregation | De jure: segregation by lawJim Crow LawsDe facto: segregation by custom and traditionUnwritten laws, black etiquette. |
| Jackie Robinson | First Black baseball player in the mlb |
| Thurgood Marshall | NACCP lawyer who used the courts to fight Jim Crow and dismantle segregation in the U.S. Marshall was a towering figure who became the nation's first Black United States Supreme Court Justice. |
| Executive Order 9981:(desegregation in army) | Truman launches the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, committing the government to integrating the segregated military. |
| Earl Warren | CA AG during WWIICA GovernorVP candidate with Dewey in 1948 SCOTUS: 1953-1969He was the main one to make segregation in schools unconstitutional. |
| Emmett Till | A victim of discrimination who attempted to flirt with a lady and got kidnapped and shot by two men. He was from Chicago and wasn’t fully aware of the consequences of his actions. |
| Brown V. Board of Education | Outlawed segregation in schools getting rid of seperate but equal schools. |
| Southern Manifesto | Document signed by 77 senators and representatives in attempt to override the brown’s decision. It was a document stating why the brown’s decision was a bad idea and stating all the wrongs that it would create. Such as future educational problems and other things. |
| Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.(guy who dreamed) | The undisputed leader of the new Civil Rights MovementPeaceful protests effectiveSuccess of grassroots campaigns“Darkness cannot destroy Darkness only Light can” |
| Little Rock Nine | The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas.Eisenhower responded and got control of the national guard that Faubus had sent and sent more troops to escort the little rock nine safely nto the schools. |
| SNCC“Snick” | Students non-violence coordinating committee (college students)Ella Baker |
| Orval Faubus | SegregationistAttempted to block and degsegragation of Little Rock 9 schools. Sent National Guard to prevent the 9 students from entering school “Little Rock 9”: severe intimidation and harassment |
| NAACP Bus boycott | In protest of the Rosa Parks incident the NAACP ordered that all blacks should stay off the buses.The buses lost money and customersThey banned carpoolingThey did this for 381 days |
| SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Confence | - presided over by King, with 100 misnistes and CR leaders- in 65 Southern cities by 1965 |
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