Module-1_Zoot-211

Page 1: Title Page

  • Capiz State University, 1980, Republic of the Philippines

  • Course: ZOOTECHNICS 211 (General Principles of Animal Production and Economics) 2nd semester 2021-2022

  • Course Facilitator: Leah A. Ingalla, DVM, PhD

  • Accredited by: AACCUP, PASUC, ACAP

Page 2: Introduction to Animal Production

Overview

  • Animal production focuses on domesticated animals excluding pets and game animals.

  • Related fields include: zoology, pathology, genetics, microbiology, and more.

  • Importance: Provides food, employment, raw materials, and socio-cultural contributions.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this module, students should:

  • Define terms in animal production and economics.

  • Discuss veterinarians' roles in animal health.

  • Analyze local livestock and poultry industry status and opportunities.

  • Correlate animal roles in agriculture.

Topics Covered

  • Common terms related to animal production.

  • Role of veterinarians in animal health.

  • Status and prospects of local livestock and poultry industries.

  • Connection of domestication, husbandry, and animal science.

Page 3: Common Terms in Animal Production

Definitions

  • Abattoir: Slaughterhouse

  • Ad-libitum Feeding: Feeding to appetite.

  • Animal Breeding: Application of genetic analysis for development of animal lines.

  • Artificial Insemination: Technique of placing semen in female reproductive tract.

  • Average Daily Weight Gain: Calculation of weight increase over time.

  • Beta-agonist: Bronchodilator opening airways.

  • Calving Difficulty: Difficulties encountered during delivery.

  • Clone: Genetic copy of another organism.

  • Conduct a Market Survey: Methods to analyze market conditions for livestock.

Page 4: Advanced Terms in Animal Production

Continuation of Definitions

  • Daily Gain: Gain per day in a defined period.

  • Dressing Percentage: Ratio between carcass weight and live weight.

  • Embryo Transfer: Removing and placing embryos from one female to another.

  • Genotype: Genetic makeup determining traits.

  • Heat Synchronization: Manipulation of estrous cycles through hormones.

  • Lactation: Period of producing milk.

Page 5: Genomic and Reproductive Terminology

More Definitions

  • Genetic Variance: Variation in traits among individuals.

  • Growth Promoting Implants: Chemicals increasing muscle in livestock.

  • Maintenance Requirement: Feed energy necessary to maintain body weight.

  • Phenotype: Observable characteristics of an individual.

  • Postpartum Interval: Days from birth to first estrous.

  • Sterility: Inability to produce offspring.

Page 6: Meat and Carcass Quality

Attributes of Carcasses

  • Meat Yield: Percentage of lean meat in carcass.

  • Meat Quality: Factors include palatability and appearance.

  • Net Feed Intake: Feed consumed adjusted for weight.

  • Soft and Hard Traits: Measurement of animal characteristics for breeding.

Page 7: Sire and Selection Terminology

Important Points

  • Sire: Male parent of livestock.

  • Selection Intensity: Measure indicating how many livestock are chosen as parents.

  • Sex Limited Traits: Traits expressed only in one sex (e.g., milk production).

  • Son-Daughter Regression: Measurement used in evaluating traits across generations.

Page 8: Animal Categories

Common Terminology

  • Bovine: Relating to cattle.

  • Caprine: Relating to goats.

  • Equine: Relating to horses.

  • Ovine: Relating to sheep.

  • Porcine: Relating to pigs.

Page 9: Detailed Animal Terms

Definitions of Animal Types

  • Dairy: Cows producing milk.

  • Bull: Intact male cattle.

  • Heifer: Female cattle not yet calved.

  • Steer: Castrated male cattle.

Page 10: Poultry and Production Terms

Poultry Definitions

  • Flock: Group of poultry.

  • Hen: Adult female chicken.

  • Drake: Adult male duck.

  • Turkey: Meaty bird commonly raised for consumption.

Page 11 - 29: Industry Overview and Issues

Livestock and Poultry Industry

  • The Philippines livestock sector emphasizes both local production and imports.

Key Points of Interest

  • Declining local livestock production due to disease, market conditions.

  • Increasing demand for beef, pork, and poultry, focusing on importation.

Core Challenges

  • Feed supply issues, disease prevention, marketing challenges, and infrastructure development.

Page 30: Assessment

Exam Structure

  • Part I: Multiple choice on course material.

  • Part II: Essays regarding student involvement in animal production, animal health, and market price fluctuations.