CAD CAM LEC. 1-2
Page 1: Title and Author
Title and Institution
Taiz University
Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology
Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Mechatronics & Robotics Engineering
Dr. Mokhtar Ali Amrani
Page 2: Syllabus Overview
Units Covered
Unit 1: CAD/CAM system definition and historical overview
Unit 2: Fundamentals of CAD, including computer hardware, software, and databases
Unit 3: Geometric transformations, representation of curves, and surfaces
Unit 4: Geometric modeling and graphic standards
Unit 5: Design process in CAD systems
Unit 6: Finite element modeling in design engineering
Unit 7: Computer Aided Processing Planning (CAPP)
Page 3: Extended Syllabus
Additional Units
Unit 8: Computer Aided Inspection, Testing, and Quality Control
Unit 9: Fundamentals of NC/CNC/DNC machine tools, NC procedures, and coordinate systems
Unit 10: Introduction to NC part programming, tape coding, and manual part programming
Unit 11: Group technology and robotics
Unit 12: Flexible manufacturing systems
Unit 13: Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems and Product Lifecycle Management
Unit 14: 3D printing machines: opportunities and challenges
Page 4: Introduction to CAD/CAM
Definition and Function
CAD/CAM stands for Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing.
These systems allow for the design and manufacturing processes to be interconnected.
Example: A design from CAD can directly control machines for production.
Page 5: Understanding CAD
Purpose and Evolution
CAD originally included any computer-assisted design techniques, like drafting and analysis.
Over time, it became synonymous with Computer-Aided Design and Drafting.
Benefits of CAD:
Creates clear, high-quality models that can be easily modified.
Parts can be modeled visually before any physical drawings are made.
CAD software is an essential tool for quick and accurate drawings.
Page 6: Understanding CAM
Definition and Applications
CAM refers to automation of manufacturing processes by converting designs into machine-readable code.
Allows those trained in CAD to control machinery for production efficiently.
Manages planning, management, transportation, and storage in manufacturing settings.
Typically used alongside CAD to streamline processes.
Page 7: History of CAD/CAM
Milestones and Development
Mid-1950s: Launch of SAGE by the US Air Force as the first graphic system.
1957: Dr. Patrick J. Hanratty creates PRONTO, the first commercial numerical-control programming system.
1959: Founding of CALCOMP Company.
1960: Introduction of SKETCHPAD, the precursor to CAD industry by Ivan Sutherland.
1962: Development of early Computer-Aided Design programs, starting 2D and evolving to 3D graphics.
Page 8: Continued History of CAD/CAM
Advancements in 3D Design
1967-1968: Research on complex 3D modeling in CAD software by MIT and Cambridge University.
1969: Hanratty establishes United Computing, and MAGI releases Syntha Vision.
Growing interest in commercial CAD applications which leads to an increase in software companies.
Page 9: Advancements in CAD/CAM
Rise of Automated Systems
1970s: Emergence of automated design systems with early 2D CAD programs; significant momentum in 3D CAD.
1971: MCS gains a reputation for mechanical CADD/CAM software; foundational programs influence later systems.
Page 10: Historical Continuity
Key Developments
1975: Avions Marcel Dassault purchases CADAM, showcasing early customer adoption.
1981: Creation of Dassault Systems; 1982 integration of AutoCAD development by Autodesk.
Page 11: Further CAD/CAM Evolution
Expanding Technologies
1984: Introduction of a 3D CAD program in Hungary contributes to the creation of Graphsoft Company.
MiniCAD becomes a bestseller in 1985; AutoCAD wins multiple awards from 1986 onward.
Page 12: Recent Developments in CAD/CAM
New Software Introductions
1993: Introduction of AutoCAD for Windows platform, requiring significant hardware capacity.
1995: Autodesk releases 3D Studio MAX, usable by tens of thousands worldwide.
1998: Unigraphics receives ISO certification, illustrating industry-wide standardization efforts.
Page 13: Current State of CAD/CAM
Ongoing Progress and Challenges
1999: Innovations in mechanical design software combine various modeling techniques.
3D CAD/CAM has made inroads but 2D design remains prevalent, highlighting market preferences.
Innovations, although limited, include tools like animated walkthroughs to enhance modeling experiences.
Page 14: CNC System History
Development Timeline
Early 1950s: Introduction of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) systems, utilizing punched tape for manufacturing.
Key milestones in the 1950s, including IBM's tool changer and K T's machining center, foster advancements.
Page 15: Practical Applications of CAM
Use Cases in Industry
CAM systems govern robotic welding and handle intricate manufacturing processes.
Applications include woodturning, metalworking, glass working, and creation of complex parts.
The versatility of CAM is demonstrated by its ability to produce various products, from candlestick holders to crankshafts.
Page 16: Benefits of CAM
Advantages and Impact
CAM enhances manufacturing monitoring and optimizes assembly processes.
Key application areas span mechanical to aerospace engineering, assisting in various scientific domains through improved productivity and training.
Page 17: Uses and Advantages of CAM
Operational Monitoring and Benefits
Examples of monitoring aspects: temperature, weight, pH levels, and ingredient quantities.
Advantages include consistent results, reduced labor costs, improved precision, and better safety measures.
However, drawbacks encompass high setup costs and the need for skilled operators.
Page 18: Introduction to CAE
Overview of Computer-Aided Engineering
CAE is applied for solving engineering problems using advanced graphical software.
It facilitates comprehensive analyses including mass properties and mechanical performance simulations.
Page 19: CAEAnalysis Framework
Process and Importance
CAE programs use algorithms to model manufacturing processes based on defined analyses and equations.
Plays a complementary role to CAD and CAM by refining design accuracy.
Page 20: Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
Definition and Utility
FEA predicts product reaction under various physical scenarios including force and heat exposure.
Originating in 1943, FEA aids in product development by evaluating real-world conditions and suggesting redesigns.
Page 21: Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
Definitions and Concepts
CIM encapsulates the automation of manufacturing processes integrating CAD and CAM systems.
Provides synchronized data use among different departments to enhance productivity and communication.
Page 22: CIM Integration Goals
Objectives for Implementation
Enhance designer productivity and quality of outputs while creating efficient tool paths and optimizing production schedules.
Page 23: Importance of Integration in CIM
Key Considerations
Integration emphasizes the coherence of systems within manufacturing settings, focusing on material, information, and capital flows.
A technologically mature integration is essential for maximizing competitiveness.
Page 24: Human Factors in CIM
Emphasizing the Role of People
Underlines the significance of human involvement in CIM despite advances in automation technology.
Human-centered approaches are advocated for enhancing system design, implementation, and operations.
Page 25: CAD Design Process
Phases of CAD
CAD is an interactive process with six phases:
Recognition of need
Definition of problem
Synthesis
Analysis and optimization
Evaluation
Presentation
Page 26: Recognition and Definition in CAD
Initial Steps
Recognition of need focuses on identifying deficiencies within a design.
Definition of problem lays out specifications including function and performance metrics.
Page 27: Synthesis and Analysis in CAD
Interactive Design Steps
Synthesis involves conceptualizing subsystems, followed by iterative analysis for optimization.
Evaluation measures designs against established specifications, often requiring prototype testing.
Page 28: Presentation in CAD
Documentation Process
Presentation encompasses creating comprehensive documentation, including drawings and material specifications.
Establishes a product lifecycle from need identification to finalized product.
Page 29: Synthesis and Analysis
Detailed Overview
Synthesis determines product functionality and layout through sketches or CAD models.
Analysis utilizes engineering sciences for performance evaluation leading to design documentation being created.
Page 30: Manufacturing Process Fundamentals
Process Planning
Process planning orchestrates efficient sequences in manufacturing, often in communication with design teams.
Results in production plans, tool needs, and machine programming among other essentials.
Page 31: Benefits of Using CAD
Key Advantages
Increased productivity through better design conceptualization.
Enhanced quality resulting from comprehensive analysis capabilities.
Improved documentation that leads to a robust manufacturing data base.
Page 32: CAD Duties
Key Tasks Performed
Geometric modeling
Engineering analysis
Design review and evaluation
Automated drafting
Page 33: Geometric Modeling
Process Overview
Involves using CAD to create mathematical descriptions of object geometry stored in memory.
Enables visualization and manipulation of the model on screen.
Page 34: Types of Geometric Models
Classification
Distinction between 2D and 3D models:
2D models suited for flat designs, historically automated drafting systems.
3D models provide true visuals and allow for user-guided operations enhancing conceptual study.
Page 35: Solid vs Wireframe Models
Comparative Analysis
Wireframe modeling lacks clarity with multiple visible lines.
Solid modeling offers realistic 3D representations, aiding in various engineering calculations and functions.
Page 36: Engineering Analysis
Importance and Methodology
Essential for performing analyses like stress-strain calculations.
CAD aids designers in completing complex analyses which were previously simplified or excluded.
Page 37: Design Evaluation and Review
Procedures Enhancements
CAD improves design evaluation through features like:
Automatic dimensioning
Error checking algorithms
Automated drafting for detailed documentation
Page 38: Design Representation Techniques
Methods of Communication
Ranges from free-hand sketches to multi-view orthographic drawings and advanced CAD representations.
Solid models and auxiliary drawings provide comprehensive design clarity.
Page 39: Representation Techniques
Categories of Representation
Multi-View Orthographic Drawings serve as an international language for engineers and are fundamental in engineering education.
Solid models and detailed views assist in illustrating complex components.
Page 40: Final Design Representation
Example Representation
Representation includes detailed views for accurate specification of components, ensuring the design conveys necessary concepts clearly.