NLE grammar

Latin

Explanation

Translation

-ius/-ior

comparative

-er/more (also look for “than”)

-isse

perfect active infinitive

“to have ____ed” (can also be “had” in indirect statement)

utinam

used for wishes

would that/I wish that

-ndus/a/um + sum

passive periphrastic

must be/has to be

num

expects a no answer

various translations

quam + superlative

to the greatest extent possible

as ____ as possible

iste

demonstrative (usually with negative connotation)

that

certiorem facere

idiom (literally: “to make more certain”)

to inform

abl. with a place name

either locative OR abl. of separation

at/in/from (look for a verb of motion, which makes it more likely to be “from”)

uter

special adjective

which

de + word with -ndo/a

gerund/gerundive

about/concerning _____ing

dignus + abl.

adj. with abl.

worthy of _____

idem

demonstrative

the same

ne…quidem

vocab

not…even

ad +ndum/am/os/as/a

ad+gerund/gerundive (to express purpose)

to ______ or for the purpose of ______ing

quam (with a comparative nearby)

adv.

than

two datives (especially with praesidio or auxilio)

double dative

as a ____ for the _____

-issimus/a/um

superlative

____est/most _____

adj. + preti

gen. of value

of ____ price

abl. of cause

abl. of cause

because of _____

dat. with passive periphrastic (ndus/a/um + sum)

dative of agent

by _____

abl. near an -ior/-ius

abl. of comparison

than _____

domi/ruri/humi

locative

at home/in the countryside/on the ground

multo/paulo with comparatives

abl. of degree of difference

much ____ (for multo) or a little _____ (for paulo)

se

3rd person reflexive pronoun

always refers back to the subject

causa/gratia (especially with gerundives)

preposition with genitive (comes after the noun it takes)

for the sake of; can also be translated with “to” as a purpose construction

tam…quam

correlatives

so (much)…as

oportet + acc.

impersonal verb

it is necessary/___ ought (e.g. opertet me=“I ought”

-ndus/a/um by itself

gerund

____ing

utrum…an

correlatives

whether…or

similis

adj. with dat.

like/similar to

aut…aut

correlatives

either…or

praeter

prep. with acc.

except

nemo/nemini/neminem

pronoun

no one

totus (gen. sg. totius; dat sg. toti)

special adjective

whole/entire/all

pedes referre

idiom

to retreat

acc. with a place name

-ns/-ntis

pres. act. part.

_____ing

peior

irregular comparative

worse

orationem habere

idiom

to deliver/give a speech

aliquis

pronoun

someone