Untitled Flashcards Set

1754-1763 french and indian war struggle for control of upper ohio river valley. part of wider contest between great britian and france in teh seven year's war. let to lots of debt 1754 albany plan of union ben francklin liked. formation fo grand council of elected delgation to oversee defence against frecha dn native american threats to fronotier selltements. "join, or die" cartoon. failed b/c assemblies did not want to giv eup thieir autonom 1763 peace of paris ended french power in north america. britian took canada, spanish florida, and all french lands east of mississippi river proclamation of 1763 prohibiting colonists from settling west of Appalachians. ppl ignored and poured into kentucky 1765 stamp act raise revenue to hlep pay for british toops in america. required stamps on newspapers, playing cards, legal documents, college diplomas, and lawyer's license virtual representation each member of parliament represents interests of all englishment, including colonists. colonistst rejected. "no taxation without representation" 1765 stamp act congress new york city representatives sent. first inter-colonial meeting since albany congress. drafted petition to parliament and called for boycott of imported british goods. led to parliament recinding stamp act, but passing declaratory act 1766 declaratory act declared Parliament's right to make laws for the colonies. after the stamp act 1767 townshend acts import duties on everdyay items liek paint, glass, paper, and tea. colonists boycott, so townshend sent troops to boston. 1770 boston massacre led by sam adams. paul revere engraving. british soldiers kill colonists over townshend acts. parlaments repealed townshend duties except tea 1773 boston tea party sons of liberty disguised as mohawk indians threw 342 chests of tea into harbor. led to coercive acts/intolerable acts to punish boston 1774 coercive/intolerable acts closed port of boston, curtail town meetings, army to quarter troops wherever needed. 1774 first continental congress meet to discuss response to intolerable acts. called for complete boycott of british goods and colonies organize militia for defensive purposes 1775 second continental congress after battles in lexington an dconcord. created a continental army and named George Washington as commander. refused to declare war. wavered between acts of resistance and attempts at reconciliation 1776 common sense thomas paine persuade colonists to declare independence. defended republican principles. hate george III. said no compromise. declare independence and "begin the world over again" 1776 declaration of independence created new american identity by transforming dispute over taxes to fight for independence. use locke's philosophy of natural rights. governments derive powers form consent of governed. governed can alter or abolish ties to government that doesn't give unalienable rights to life liberty, and pursuit of happiness. all men created equal. did not call for abolition of slave trade. 1777 Battle of Saratoga 1st American defeat of British and prompted the French alliance. turning point 1783 treaty of paris recognized american independence and sovereignty over territories from mississippi river to great lakes and spanish florida. america pledge to compensate loyalists whose lands had been confiscated by state governments 1781 articles of confederation loose union among 13 sovereign states. wanted to avoid giving new government powers it had denied to parliament. firm league of friendship. unicameral legislature. congress had authority over coinage, postal service, indian affairs, and western territories. central gov had no judicial or executive branches. no power to levy taxes, regulate interstate commerce, or enforce resolution upon states or citizens 1787 northwest ordinance established orderly procedure for territories to become states. banned slavery from northwest territory. created line between freedom and slavery that extends north of ohio river to mississippi river 1787 shay's rebellion massachusettes famers losing lang because didn't have hard currency to repay debts. demanded state legislature halt farm foreclosures, lower property taxes, print paper mon ey, adn end imprisonment for debt. congress couldn't riase militaia. convinced that they needed a stronger national government 1787 constitutional convention abandoned articles of confederation and created consitution. power from consent of the people. gov limited and power divided into branches with check adn balances. factions undesirable but inveitable. 1787 federalist 10 large republic will curb factions. in expanding republic, diffrent groups and viewpoints will be in congress, so tyranny by majority will be impossible bceause they won't be able to agree 1787 great compromise created bicamerial congress. HOR by population and senate is two ppl per state 1787 virginia plan "Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. 1787 New Jersey Plan small state. equal representation for states... the senate elastic clause article 1 section 8 where congress has power to make laws necessary adn proper for carrying out enumerated powers 1791 bill of rights added to consitution alter to make anti-federalists give it the ok 1913 17th amendment direction election of senators 1951 22nd amendment limit presidents to two terms 1787 3/5 compromise slaves treated as fraction of a person for taxation and representation. gave southern states enlarged vote in HOR. repealsed by 14th amendemtn (1868). 1788 commerce and slave trade compromise an agreement during the Constitutional Convention protecting slave holders; denied Congress the power to tax the export of goods from any State, and, for 20 years, the power to act on the slave trade 1776 remember the ladies abigail adams letter to john adams from his wife to urge them to not forget the women when writing the constituion. women aare of discrepancy between repubiclican ideal of equality adn reality of how women were treated republican motherhood women shoudl raise their children to be virtuous adn responsible citiznes. instruct children esp sons in liberty. shape america's moral and political character 1787 thoughts on the female education rush argued women should be educated so they could instruct "their sons in principles of lierty adn government" 1848 seneca fals convention beginning of women's rights movement in USA. all men and women are created equal. framers wrote teh consitution (ratified 1789) antifederalists opposed constiution. thought consitutions woudl create powerful central gov and have elite theory fo gov. now work with large nation with dierse interests. usa remain grou pof small soverign states. consitution in 1788 did not have bill of rights federalists liked teh contituion. shays rebellion shows articels of confederation lacked power to protect poroperty and preserve domestic tranquility. consitution woudl work for large repbulic. sepeartion of powers and checks and balaces woudl be good. power shared between state adn federal govs 1788 federalist papers madison, hamilton, jay 85 essays. defned and explain consuttions. one of them says polictical factiosn are undesirable, but inevtiable. geroge washington first president form 1789-1797 hamilton's finanical program fund federal debt, adopt excise tax on liquor, tariffs on imported goods, charter national bank 1791 first national bank of the united states argument between hamilton and jefferson. jefferson wanted strict interpretation with no bank, and hamilton wanted loose interpretation with a bank. hamilton won. divided peopel into two polictical parties 1795 jay treaty britain pormised to evacuate the northwest forts an dpay damages for seized american ships. usa had to pay debts owed to british merchants pre-revolutionary accounds. british refused to renouce right to make future seizures of ships and repay southern planters for slaves taken during revolution. kept peace with great britian., bt strained relations with france. divided peopel federalists party led by hamilton and adams. drew support form new england and eastern port cities. strong central gvoernemtnent and loose interpretation of constitution. liked national bank, protective tariffs, commerical interests, adn british over the french democratic-republicans jefferson adn madison. support from south and frontier famers. weak central government. strict interpretatin of constiution. opposed national bank and protective tariffs. favore agaraian interests and french over british 1796 washington farewell address washington urges american leaders to avoid forming permanenct alliances with foreign naitons. ehoes his 1793 neutrality proclamation. fix ourselves before engaging others 1798-1800 quasi war france. adams presidency. french hated jays treaty bc said favored british interests. said no longer honor neutrality of american ships. seized american ships. sent envoys to france. napoleon preferred to avoid war and concentrate on conflict with great britian 1798 alien and sedition acts feeralist took advantage of anti0french and made these laws. intended to punsih democratic republicans. 1798 naturalization act raise residency requirement for usa citizenship form 5 to 14 years. democratic republicans mad and said that it was so taht immigrants couldn't vote for their party 1798 alien acts authorized president to deport dangerous aliens 1798 sedition act illigal to speak, write, or print anys tatemtns about prisdent that woudl bring him "into contempt or disrepute" 1830s theory of nullification calhoun state has right to veto federal law it considters unconstiutitonal